職場修煉：專家稱延遲享受能帶來更大的成就感！
即使偶爾得到了快樂，快樂的純度好像也被稀釋了很多。所以，今天我們來探討個問題：怎樣才能獲得高純度的快樂呢？ 先來看下面這個故事。
In the 1960s and 1970s, Walter Mischel, then a psychologist and professor at Stanford University, conducted a series of experiments in children.
二十世紀六、七十年代，斯坦福大學的心理學家、教授瓦爾特•米歇爾（Walter Mischel）在兒童之中進行過一系列實驗。
In the experiment, Mischel and his colleagues wanted to see if preschool children (around four-years-old) had developed the mental capacity to resist the temptation of a small reward to earn a larger reward later.
在實驗中，米歇爾和同事們想知道學齡前兒童（四歲左右）是否有足夠心智爲之後更大的獎勵抵抗住眼前小誘惑。
They presented each of the 653 subjects with a choice: ring a bell and get one marshmallow immediately or wait fifteen minutes and earn two.
他們給653名參加實驗的兒童這樣的選擇：要麼敲鈴可立即獲得一個棉花糖，要麼等待十五分鐘獲得兩個棉花糖。
While a minority of them instantly opted for a single marshmallow, most children attempted to hold on, for varying times, to get their reward. In the end, only about thirty percent were able to delay gratification for the full fifteen minute period earning their second marshmallow.
少數人立即要了一個棉花糖，但大多數兒童選擇多等待一會兒，以爭取更大的獎勵。最終結果來看，只有約百分之三十的兒童能夠等待十五分鐘，拿到兩個棉花糖。
Following these initial experiments, Mischel grew curious about the subsequent development of these children. Would their differences in willpower persist into adolescence and adulthood? And if so, what effect would these differences have on their lives?
根據這些初步實驗，Mischel很好奇這些孩子後續發展會怎樣。他們身長的意志力差異是否會持續到青春期和成年期？如果有，這些差異對他們的生活有什麼影響？
A decade later, Mischel and his colleagues (2010) began to follow up with the original subjects. They found that the subjects’ performance as four-year-olds did indeed have powerful implications on their general livelihoods.
十年後，米歇爾和同事（2010年）開始跟進原始研究課題。他們發現，實驗者四歲時候的表現確實對他們以後生活有強大的影響。
The four-year-olds who could delay gratification longer went on to receive significantly higher SAT scores. They also developed better social cognitive and emotional coping skills.
那些四歲時候，能夠延遲滿足感的實驗者，SAT分數更高，社會認知和情感應對技能也更強。
Today, the study participants are in their 40s and 50s, and recent research indicates that the children who were better at delaying gratification back in the day continue to enjoy numerous advantages.
如今，這批兒童已經四五十歲了，但最新的研究顯示孩童時期就學會延遲滿足的人今天依舊有更多的優勢。
They excel in education, have a greater sense of self-worth, manage their stress better, and are less prone to drug abuse.
他們在教育方面表現出色，有更強烈的自我價值感，能夠更好地管理壓力，不會輕易濫用藥物。
The research has given us substantial evidence about how an individual’s ability to delay gratification plays a significant and intricate role in shaping their health, well-being, and success.
這個研究告訴我們延遲滿足在身體健康，身心愉悅和成功中扮演多麼關鍵又意想不到的作用。
這就是著名的斯坦福棉花糖實驗，研究了一個心理學上常見但又沒有深入研究過的現象——延遲滿足感（delay of gratification），其實這個實驗很好地說明到底高純度的快樂該如何獲得。 當然，現在流行這樣一種說法：活在當下。似乎李白的“今朝有酒今朝醉”才能帶來真正的快樂。我們現代人習慣了時效性和便捷，似乎一切能立刻兌換掉的東西，沒有必要拖到下一刻，快樂也是一樣。如果5分鐘後能夠享受快樂，我們不會耐着性子拖到第6分鐘去兌現。 也許就像劇作家王爾德所說：“人生有兩種悲劇，一是得不到你想要的東西，一是得到了你想要的東西。” 我們之所以沒有辦法享受高純度快樂，就在於快樂太唾手可得，付出的努力不足以與快樂相稱。即使得到也不會有珍惜和滿足感。 但延遲滿足感卻能讓快樂像葡萄酒愈久彌香。所謂成功者，不過是將眼界放在未來，而非貪戀一城一地，一時一刻的快感。他們有足夠韌勁和耐力，讓他們熬過那些灰暗無邊的日子，在未來某個時刻see the light at the end of tunnel，而後厚積薄發。 延遲滿足感和大器晚成同樣需要耐力、執着和取捨和一種儀式感。一頓大餐，如果你只是在餓了時候去品嚐，絕對會覺得寡淡無味。但如果是加完班，做好了一天的工作，帶着一份充實和犒賞的感覺去享用，那種儀式感會讓快樂增值，這頓大餐會讓你的味蕾徹底綻放。 所以，各位親愛的看官，如果你只是想吃巧克力而吃了一顆，那是不會快樂的。如果你口袋裏有巧克力，那麼把它冰鎮起來，當你付出的努力、辛苦足以與巧克力的快樂相配時，再去品嚐吧，那時候的巧克力絕對會脣齒留香！
