英語學習初中英語

2020中考英語定語從句高頻考點知識複習

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中考是人生道路上第一個轉折點,對考生的未來發展有重要的影響作用,可以決定學生高中階段的學習,從而影響高考。想要考上好高中,就要在中考中取得好成績,這就需要認真複習。這裏給大家分享一些關於2020中考的複習知識點歸納,供大家參考。

ing-bottom: 138.53%;">2020中考英語定語從句高頻考點知識複習

2020中考英語定語從句知識點彙總

1.定語從句的功用和結構

在複合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之後。引導定語從句的關聯詞有關係代詞和關係副詞。例如:

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

2.關係代詞和關係副詞的功用

關係代詞和關係副詞用來引導定於從句,在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用,使二者聯繫起來。關係代詞和關係副詞又在定語從句中充當一個成分。關係待客做主語,賓語,定語,關係副詞可作狀語。

1. 作主語:關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數須和先行詞一致。例如:

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作賓語:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定語

關係代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如:

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作狀語

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

三. 各個關係代詞和關係副詞的具體用法

1. who 指人,在定語從句中作主語。例如:

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語。例如:

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人,在定語從句中作定語。例如:

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which指物,在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如:

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物,有時也指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如:

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指時間,在定語從句中作狀語。例如:

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地點,在定語從句中作狀語。例如:

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

四. 關係代詞 whom, which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,可以和介詞一起放於先行詞與定語從句之間,有時爲了關係緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨着書寫,而將介詞置於定語從句的後面,如:

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

五. 具體使用時還要注意下列問題:

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況:

(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如:

All that he said is true.

(2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如:

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

(3) 先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾的詞。例如:

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如:

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用which,不用that 的情況:

(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如:

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2) 定語從句由介詞+關係代詞引導,先行詞是物時。例如:

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

考查的主要形式是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達肯定也要用到定語從句。

2020中考英語定語從句考查重點

一. 定語從句的概念

在複合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導定語從句的詞叫關係詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的後面。

二. 引導定語從句的關係詞

引導定語從句的關係詞有關係代詞和關係副詞,常見的關係代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關係副詞包括where, when, why等。關係代詞和關係副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

三. 定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關係,定語從句可分爲限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去。非限制性定語從句與主句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四. 關係代詞的用法

1. that 既可以用於指人,也可以用於指物。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

h用於指物,在句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

位於火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

, whom用於指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom。who和whom作賓語時也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

注意:

(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who,whom,that, which可省略,但介詞在關係代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.

這是我們去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you are looking for.

這就是你要找的那個人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的後面。例如:

The city that she lives in is very far away.

她居住的城市非常遠。

(4)關係詞只能用that的情況:

a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam.

他是第一個通過考試的人。

b. 被修飾的先行詞爲all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞指物時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

你在商店裏有什麼東西要買嗎?

c. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.

這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d. 先行詞裏同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e. 以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,爲避免重複,只能用that.例如:

Who is the girl that is crying?

正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

f. 主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which,例如:

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關係詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

a. 先行詞爲that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:

What’s that which is under the desk?

在桌子底下的那些東西是什麼?

b. 關係代詞前有介詞時,which,而不用that.例如:

This is the room in which he lives.

這是他居住的房間。

c. 引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞指事物時,用which, 而不用that,例如:

Tom came back, which made us happy.

湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

五. 關係副詞的用法

1. when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,when在定語從句中作時間狀語。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.

這是他到達的時間。

2. where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,where在定語從句中作地點狀語。例如:

This is place where he works.

這是他工作的地點。

3. why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,why在定語從句中做原因狀語。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

沒人知道他爲什麼上學總遲到。

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