高考強調句型考點揭祕
強調句型是高中英語中一個重要的語法項目，是高考重要考點之一。其基本結構爲：it is/was +被強調的部分+that+其他成分(當被強調部分爲sb.，且在句中作主語時，可用who)。所強調的部分可以是主語、賓語或者狀語，但不能是定語或謂語。原句是現在時，強調句用it is ……that……;原句是過去時，強調句用it was ……that……。如果去掉這個結構，經過語序調整或不調整，應該是一個完整無缺的句子，這也是判斷強調句型的關鍵。本文擬結合歷年高考試題對強調句型的考點作如下歸納。
一、語序問題
1.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句
例1 Was it that I saw last night at the concert?
例2 Why is it that she is not so healthy as she used to be?
2.強調句型在賓語從句中用陳述語序
例3 I don’t know ________________ in the novel that made him burst into tears. (what)
我不知道是小說中的什麼東西使他突然淚如泉涌。(2012湖北)
解析：觀察題幹中多了一個聯詞that,漢語翻譯中多了一個“是什麼”，可知要用強調結構：疑問詞+it+ was/is that的用法;故答案爲：what it was
二、主謂一致
強調主語時，that後的謂語動詞必須與被強調的主語人稱與數保持一致。
例4 It’s what you do rather than what you say that matters.
例5 It’s your efforts not your intelligence that determine (決定)your success.(2008湖北)
例6 It is the ability to do the job__ matters， not where you came from or what you are.
A. one B. it C. what D. that
解析：通過以上三個例子可以得出一個結論，被強調的主語由“not A but B ; A rather than B; A not B”構成時，that後面謂語的單複數以“肯定”爲準，有時還可以將否定的部分置於句末。
三、not until……的強調
用“It is/was not ...”這一固定句型，由於否定已經前移，that後只能用肯定形式，同時要注意主句的主謂不能使用倒裝語序。如果把 “ not until …”置於句首時，主句要倒裝。
例7 I didn’t realize she was the famous film star until he took off her dark glasses.
It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recognized him.
= Not until he took off his dark glasses did I recognize him.
四、插入定語從句
1. 在被強調的部分後面插入一個定語從句
例8 It was in Beihai Park__ they made a date for the first time __ the old couple told us their love story.
A. where;that B. that;that C. where;when D. that;when
例9 Was__ Bill，__ played basketball very well，__ helped the blind man across the street.
A. that;that;who B. it;that;that C. it;who;that D. this;who;who
解析：例8 選A where they made a date for the first time 是一個定語從句;例9選 C who played basketball very well 是一個定語從句，
2. 對特殊疑問句作答時省略that及其後面的內容
例10 “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?”
“It was in the hall _________ the students often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which C. that D. when
解析：很可能誤選C，認爲這是一個強調句，強調地點狀語 in the hall。假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，無論是其意思還是其語法均未錯，但若將其與上文聯繫起來看，則不通。此題的答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 爲定語從句，用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall，句意爲“是在學生們經常開會的那個大廳(找到教授的)”，這樣語意就通順了。
五、強調句型與相關句型的辨析
強調句型極易與下列句型混淆,故高考也常考查這方面的內容。做題時首先判斷該題是否爲強調句型。把“It be …that”去掉，如果剩餘部分句子結構仍然完整(被強調部分要還原到原位置)，那麼這個句子就是強調句;如果句子不完整，則不是強調句。
1. It be+段時間+ since ... “自從……以來”
該句型中的be動詞通常爲一般現在時態或現在完成時態,since 引導的從句通常是一般過去時態。如果主句是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。
例’s more than half a century _________ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people. A. when B. that C. since D. while
解析：容易誤選B，認爲這是強調句型。假若選B，將此句分析爲強調句，那麼若將此句還原爲非強調句就應該是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很顯然, 句中的more than half a century 是一段時間，然而它修飾的謂語動詞 joined…became 卻是兩個終止性動詞，這顯然不合適。此題應選C，屬於“It is+一段時間+since 從句”句型，句意爲“我爺爺加入黨組織成爲人民的公僕已有半個多世紀了”。此句的主句謂語也可以用現在完成時態(has been)，但在口語中多用一般現在時代替。
2. It be+點時間+ when ... "當……的時候，是……"
例12 —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ____ he arrived home. (福建05 )
A. before B. when C. that D. until
解析：該句型中的 when 引導的是一個時間狀語從句。Be動詞的時態沒有明確限制，點時間前不加介詞。
3 . It be+段時間+ before ... “多久之後才……”、“不久……就……”
例13 --- How long do you think it will be _________ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
--- Perhaps two or three years. (06福建)
A. when B. until C. that D. before
解析：答案爲D. before引導時間狀語從句，it表示時間.該句型主句中be動詞的時態常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態.主句中的表語多是long, not long , days , weeks 等表示時間段的詞或短語。常用句型歸納如下：
It was (not)long before+過去時 過了/沒過多久就
It will (not) be long before+現在時 要過/過不了多久就會
It was (not)two years before 兩年後就/ 不到兩年就
It will (not)be two years before 兩年後纔會 / 用不到兩年就會
4.強調狀語強調時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時，要用that，不能用when, where, why或how。
例14 It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET97)
A. that B. until C. before D. when
解析：這是對時間狀語about 600 years ago的強調，故選A
例15 It was after he got what he had desired ___he realized it was not so important.(遼寧06)
A. that B. when C. since D. as
解析：這是對時間狀語從句after he got what he had desired的強調，故選A.
例16 It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET98)
A. until B. that C. then D. so
解析：本句強調時間狀語從句 when I reread his poems recently，故選B。
例17 It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off. (上海03春)
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
解析：本句強調原因狀語because of bad weather, 故選D。在強調原因狀語從句時，只能強調由because所引導的從句。
例 was where there had been a theatre ____ they built a new modern school.
A. where B. in which C. that
解析：本句強調地點狀語從句where there had been a theatre.故選C。
例 was only with the help of the local people ___ .(上海春04)
A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescued
C. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then mountain climber was rescued
解析：本句強調方式狀語only with the help of the local People.故選B
牛刀小試：
1.I feel it is your husband who__ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
2. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng He sailed to East Africa.(2012重慶)
A. when B. that C. after D. since
3. It’s not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_______ benefits our work most.(2011陝西)
A. that B. who C. which D. what
4. That was really a splendid evening. It' s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
5. “Was it under the tree _________ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where C. which D. while
was only after he had read the papers ______ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. (2013全國卷Ⅱ)
A when B. that C. whichD. what
7. It was with the help of the local guide ______ the mountain climber was rescued. (2013重慶)
A. who B. that C. when D. how
答案;A B A D D B B
