英語學習高中英語

高考英語:英語從句與倒裝句及寫作句型升級

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英語從句與倒裝句及寫作句型升級,以下是本站小編爲大家編輯的英語學習方法文章,僅供考生參考,歡迎大家閱讀!

高考英語:英語從句與倒裝句及寫作句型升級

  英語寫作:如何讓句型升級

利器一:定語從句

要想寫出定語從句,首先要保證兩個簡單句有重複詞彙,再將含有重複詞彙的兩個簡單句合成定語從句。

1. 合併法

【使用條件】寫作要點中有重複詞彙

【例1】假設你是育才中學學生會主席李華。你校將舉辦一次英語演講比賽(speech contest),希望附近某大學的外籍教師Smith女士來做評委。請參照以下比賽通知給她寫一封信。

英語演講比賽

主題:人與自然

時間:6月15日下午2:00~5:00

地點:501教室

參賽選手:10名學生

聯繫人:李華(電話:44876655)

歡迎大家光臨

【分析】首先閱讀題幹,題幹中沒有直接出現重複詞彙,但是稍加分析不難發現,在描述主題時,肯定會多次出現演講比賽。比如:我校將舉辦一場演講比賽,演講比賽的主題是人與自然,演講比賽在什麼時間什麼地點舉行。除此之外,主題:人與自然這個要點與參賽選手:10名學生也可以說成演講比賽的主題是人與自然,10名學生將討論這個主題。只要確定寫作要點中可以出現兩個含有重複詞彙的句子,我們就能通過三個步驟寫出定語從句。

【步驟】第一步:把兩個句子翻譯成英語簡單句,並標出重複詞彙。以我們剛剛分析過的要點爲例:

① The topic of this contest is Man and Nature.

②Ten students will talk about Man and Nature.

第二步:確定主句和從句,將從句的重複詞彙用對應關係詞替換並提至從句句首。在確定主句和從句時,考生只需要根據中文構思判斷合成後的句子主要想表達哪個要點,含有該要點的句子就是主句。在用對應關係詞替換時,考生看到重複詞彙指物時用關係代詞which / that來替換,指人時用關係代詞who / that來替換,指時間時用關係副詞when來替換。按照這個步驟和前面分析部分的構思,句子①爲我們主要想表達的內容,那麼句子②即爲從句,將從句中的重複詞彙Man and Nature用對應關係詞which替換後變爲:

③which ten students will talk about

第三步:將替換後的從句作爲整體置於主句重複詞彙後面。按照該步驟,將句子③置於句子①的重複詞彙後變爲:

④The topic of this contest isMan and Nature,which ten students will talk about.

這樣,一個完整的定語從句就寫出來了。

2. 拆分法

【使用條件】修飾成分中有主謂短語

【例2】假設你是李華,於2010年6月3日搭乘國外某航空公司航班(flight number BA793)回國後,發現遺失了一個行李箱(suitcase)。請用英文給該航空公司寫一封信,請他們幫你尋找。

信件要點包括:(1)陳述寫信原因;(2)簡要描述該行李;(3)說明其重要性;(4)期待回覆並表示感謝。

【分析】題目中講到李華在飛機上遺失了一個行李箱,要求考生在信件中說明行李箱的重要性。審題後很多考生可以構思出這樣一個句子這個行李箱是媽媽送給我的生日禮物,但在用英文表達時很少考生會用定語從句來表達。我們可以把的後面的被修飾語(一般爲名詞或名詞短語)進行拆分,然後寫成定語從句。具體步驟如下。

【步驟】第一步:在中文語境下,把被修飾語拆分到兩個完整的句子中去,然後再翻譯成英文。以上面分析部分構思的句子爲例進行如下拆分:

① 這個行李箱是我的生日禮物。(The suitcase was my birthday present.)

② 我媽媽送生日禮物給我。(My mother gave me a birthday present.)

第二步:確定主句和從句,將從句的重複詞彙用對應關係詞替換並提至從句句首。經過第一步的拆分和翻譯,兩個含有重複詞彙的句子就出現在我們眼前,接下來的步驟和合並法的第二步一樣,確定從句並進行關係詞替換。birthday present指物,所以用關係代詞which / that替換後變爲:

③which / that my mother gave me

第三步:將替換後的從句作爲整體置於主句重複詞後面。將①中的英文句子和句子③合併後變成:

④The suitcase was my birthday present which / that my mother gave me.

另外,我們還可以再添加一些信息,比如在句尾加上時間狀語從句變成:

⑤The suitcase was my birthday present which / that my mother gave me when I was 18 years old.

  利器二:含非謂語動詞的句子

非謂語動詞是高考出鏡率最高的語法考點之一,也是較難掌握的一個知識點。要是考生能在寫作中寫幾個含有非謂語動詞的句子,相信會給作文加分不少。鑑於此,下面介紹一種方法來幫助同學們寫出含非謂語動詞的句子。該方法要分兩步來進行。

1. 寫出原因 / 條件狀語從句,注意主從句主語要保持一致

原因狀語從句和條件狀語從句是考生非常熟悉的兩種從句,寫起來比較容易,只要分析前後句對應的邏輯關係,在從句前加上because / if即可。這裏之所以選擇這兩種狀語從句,是因爲我們在寫作時,爲了擴充要點,經常會添加一些成分,其中最常添加的是原因和條件。以例1爲例,我們可以寫出以下兩個句子:

① If you have any questions about this contest,you can call me at 44876655.

②Because you are respected as an outstanding foreign teacher,you have been invited to be a judge in our contest.

2. 判斷從句的語態(主動/被動),按照對應的公式進行變化

【主動公式】If / Because +主語+謂語+其他謂語動詞ing形式+其他

上面句子①中的從句爲主動語態,我們按照上述公式來變化一下這個句子。

變化前:If you have any questions about this contest,you can call me at 44876655.

變化後:Having any questions about this contest,you can call me at 44876655.

【被動公式】If / Because +主語+ be +過去分詞+其他過去分詞+其他

上面句子②中的從句爲被動語態,我們按照上述公式來變化一下這個句子。

變化前:Because you are respected as an outstanding foreign teacher,you have been invited to be a judge in our contest.

變化後:Respected as an outstanding foreign teacher,you have been invited to be a judge in our contest.

經過上面兩個步驟,狀語從句就華麗變身爲非謂語動詞短語。

  高考英語語法倒裝句學習指導

倒裝範例引入:

1,There are many students and teachers is our school.(全倒)

2,What are you doing now?.(半倒)

3,The higher we stand ,the farther we will see. (形式倒裝)

倒裝定義

出於語法和修辭目的(強調,承上啓下,平衡等)的需要,把謂語的一部分或全部句子的其他成分放在主語之前,叫倒裝語序。

倒裝句的種類

{C}{C}①{C}{C}完全倒裝提前部分+謂語動詞+主語。

{C}{C}②{C}{C}部分倒裝提前部分+助動詞+主語+謂語相當於提前部分+一般疑問句。

{C}{C}③{C}{C}形式倒裝只把強調的內容提至句首,主謂並不倒裝。

方法提煉

掌握倒裝句的關鍵在於記住哪些部分需要提前,分清倒裝類別。熟記倒裝特徵與類型。做題方法:一看強調部分,二看主語單複數,三看謂語時態、語態來定助動詞。

  第一類:總結全部倒裝的條件

{C}{C}1.{C}{C}句首:表示方位,方向地點或時間的副詞或副詞短語置於句首且主語是名詞的全部倒裝如:Here comes a bus . Here it comes(主語是代詞的不倒裝).

Here,there,then,up,down,away,off,in the room,on the wall 等置於句首。

{C}{C}2.{C}{C}謂語:表示靜態存在或動態趨勢的動詞如:位於(lie)衝(rush)來(come)走(go)跑(run)升(rise)站立(stand)住(live)坐(sit)掛(hang)

總結公式 There (on the wall,in the south of )+謂語+主語

高考鏈接

1. At the meeting place the Yangtze River and the Jialing River___lies_(lie) Chong Qing, one of the ten largest cities in China.

2. John opened the door, There_stood____ (stand) a girl he had never seen before.

everyone here?

Not yet Look, there_come____ (come) the rest of our guests.

4. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away___fled___ (flee) the thief.

5, For a moment nothing happened. Then__came___ (come) the voice all shouting together.

6. Here____are__ (be) two tickets for tonights concert.

7. South of the river___lies__ (lie) a small factory.

8. Such___was____ (be) Albert Einstein, a simple man and 20th centurys greatest scientist.

  第二類:總結部分倒裝(半倒裝)的條件

1.具有否定/半否定意義的副詞或介詞短語放在句首。

Never , nor ,not ,hardly(幾乎不),little ,seldom ,scarcely(幾乎不),rarely(少有地),at no time(任何時候決不)in/under no circumstances ,in no case(任何情況下決不)by no means(任何方式決不)on no condition(任何條件決不)等放句首時。

以及句式:No sooner had sb done sth than sb did sth.(一就)

Hardly/scarcely had sb done when sb did sth. (一就)

或neither或nor表示也/也不

句式So/Neither/Nor+一般疑問句

如You are a student

So am I.

You arent a teacher.

Neither/Nor is he.

3. so/such that表示如此 以至於

句式:so/such+一般疑問句+that

如:He is such a good student that all his classmates admire him

Such a good student is he that all his classmates admire him

The weather is so fine that all of us want to go outing

So fine is the weather that all of us want to go outing

4.以had/were/should開頭省略if的虛擬條件句

句式had/should +主+謂

Were+主+其他

如If I were you(were I you),I should study hand

If he had studied hard (Had he studied hard), he could have made great progress last term

If it should rain (should it rain), I would stay at home

+狀語(介詞短語.副詞和狀語從句)放句首,主句需要部分倒裝

句式:only+狀語+一般疑問句

注意:only修飾主語句子不倒裝

Only after the war did he learn the sad news

Only when he returned did we find out the truth

Only he can answer the question

基礎訓練

1. I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark

Hardly______do I think_____________ it possible to finish the job before dark

shall give up under no circumstances。

____ Under no circumstances shall we give up_______

had no sooner taken office than he got down to carrying out reforms(改革)to the company

______No sooner had he taken office than____________________________

not only makes the most of his time to study, but also take an active part in all kinds of after-class activities

Not only ____does he_________ make the most of his time to study, but also take

5. He didnt stop working until he was tired out.

Not until he was tired out __did he____ ___stop working

doesnt enjoy listening to pop music ,I dont enjoy listening to pop music ,either.

He doesnt enjoy listening to pop music, neither__do I enjoy listening_____

7. He realized his mistake only when he was eighteen

______Only when he was eighteen _did_he realize his mistake _____________

8. Without your parents, you couldnt live a happy life; you couldnt have the chance to go abroad, either.

Without your parents, neither____could you live a happy life_______

______, nor__could you have the chance to go abroad.___.

likes surfing the Internet ,________so do I __________(我也一樣)

you dont attend the party ,_____neither will I ______________(我也不參加)

  第三類 總結形式倒裝的條件

more ,the more (more代表形容詞和副詞的比較級)

ever或however引導讓步狀語

引導讓步狀語

4.感嘆句

①句式:The more 主+謂,the more 主+謂。

例句The more you listen to English ,the easier it will become.

②句式:However+形容詞/副詞+主+謂

例句However difficult the problem may be ,we must work it out this evening.

③句式:Whatever+名詞+主語+謂語

例句:Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.

④句式:名詞/形容詞/副詞/動詞+as/though+主+謂

例句:Tired as /though he was ,he still went on with his work

注意:如果是a/an+名詞提前冠詞省略

儘管他還是個孩子,他知道的很多

________Boy as he is ,he knows a lot.

⑤感嘆句。句式what+形容詞+不可數名詞+主語+謂語

What a/an+形容詞+名詞單數+主+謂

How+形/副+主+謂

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