英語一閱讀高頻考點及解題技巧
2018年考研的時間也不多了，這時候拼的是爆發力，拼的是方法和效率，每個科目複習都要集中精力做更利與提分和決定成敗的部分，在閱讀理解上要抓住一些常考知識點和技巧就行了。以下是小編推薦英語一閱讀高頻考點及一些解題技巧的知識，歡迎閱讀!
一、as結構
regard…as…(2011)
call…as…(2011)
use…as…(2004)
consider…as…(2004)
treat…as…(2014)
portray…as…(2012)
view…as…
see…as…
look upon…as
treat…as…
think of…as…
二、否定詞
2011 Q22 細節題---猜詞 unpretentious-modest
2011 Q39 細節推理題---猜詞 unrealistic-misleading
2012 Q26 詞義題 reneging on-dishonoring
2012 Q40 態度題 but, bad-disapproval
2013 Q23詞義題 indictment-accusation
2014 Q24 細節推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get-uneasy
2015 Q27 態度題 discard-disapproval
三、特殊標點
2013 Q34 細節題 冒號
2012 Q24 細節推理題 冒號
2012Q 29 細節題 冒號
2011 Q36 觀點題 冒號
2007 Q31 細節題 冒號
2012 Q36 推理題 分號
2013 Q25 主旨題 分號
2014 Q38 細節題 分號
英語一閱讀解題技巧閱讀解題技巧
一、細節題
【解題方法】題幹+選項精確定位法
【解題步驟】
1. 找題幹關鍵詞，精確定位到文章(題乾的關鍵詞一般會定位到文章的某句或者相連的兩句中)
2. 將所選答案精確定位到文章
【例題】2012年Text1
22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers' experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
【解題步驟應用】
1 題幹定位：段落的最後一句
Rosenberg--- Rosenberg
holds---argues
that---that
public-health advocates--- public-health advocates
should---ought to
因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
2 選項定位
答案[B] learn from advertisers' experience
learn from---take a page from 表"學習"。
experience---skilled 表示"有經驗的，很嫺熟的"。
二、推斷題
【解題方法】找段落中心句
尋找段落中心句方法：
第一、邏輯上出現轉承關係的句子(轉折、因果、遞進，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示詞的句子);
第二、有明確表示觀點的路標指引詞(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)
第三、含有情態動詞的句子(should, must…)
第四、含有特殊標點的句子(冒號、破折號、引號、括號)
第五、特殊句型(疑問句、倒裝句、強調句、省略句)
第六、平鋪直敘段落中，注意首末句
【解題步驟】
1. 根據題幹，尋找該段落中心句,
2. 正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
【例題】2009年Text4
37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.
[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history
[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life
[D] were obsessed with religious innovations
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
【解題步驟應用】
1. 尋找段落中心句(轉折處)
But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.
2. 正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
New Englanders--- the original Puritans
brought with ---carriers
them---the original puritans
the culture---culture
old world---European
三、態度題
【解題方法】作者態度分類法
1. 在判斷感情色彩時，應結合以下兩點。
1)作者態度可以分爲三大類：a. 正向態度：支持，樂觀，贊同; b. 客觀、中立、公正;c. 負向態度：反對、批評、懷疑
2)特別注意作者的態度一般與文章中心相聯繫。不要把自己的態度納入其中，而且要注意區分作者的態度和作者引用別人的態度。
2. 匹配選項。匹配選項時應該注意：
1)有些選項一定不是正確答案(永陪選項)：indifferent(漠不關心);subjective(主觀的);biased(有偏見的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。
2)一般帶有絕對化或者過於強烈的語氣的選項必然是錯誤的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。
3. 態度題的新趨勢：
1)現在題目的考察不僅僅侷限於作者的態度，也開始考察文章中某人的觀點和態度，做題時特別應該注意看清楚題目考察的是誰對誰的態度。
2)選項可能不在是態度明確的肯定或者否定的詞，而是改爲帶有程度限制的詞語，帶有如下詞語的選項往往是正確的：guarded慎重的，qualified有條件的，tempered緩和的，因爲帶有保留態度的觀點比較客觀，一般帶有絕對化或者過於強烈的語氣的選項必然是錯誤的，如：strongly completely entirely
【解題步驟】
1.判斷選項ABCD的態度正負向，將四個選項進行分類(正向，負向)
2.根據關鍵詞，迴文定位判斷態度。
【例題】2015年Text 2
They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.
27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D] cautiousness.
【解題步驟應用】
1 判斷選項態度的正負向
[A] disapproval反對的(負)
[B] indifference漠不關心的(中立)
[C] tolerance包容(正)
[D] cautiousness謹慎的(正)
2 迴文判斷態度
They should start by discarding California's lame argument
因此，根據文章的discarding，可以確定是表示負向否定態度，因此答案選A。
四、主旨題
【解題方法】1串線法 2主題詞復現法 3框架法
【解題步驟】
1. 找出段落中心句或者主題詞
2. 串聯各段段落中心句，合併同類項，即可得出全文主旨
【例題】2008年Text 1
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
【解題步驟應用】
1. 總結每段中心
Para1 女性比男性壓力大
Para2 從生物角度而言，女性比男性壓力大
Para3 現實中，女性比男性壓力大
Para4 女性和男性面對的壓力的不同特點
Para5 舉例論證女性壓力的特點
Para6 女性壓力的現狀及應對建議
2.合併同類項，即可得出全文主旨
Para1 women men stress
Para2 women men stress
Para3 women men stress
Para4 women men stress
Para5 women stress
Para6 women stress
Para1-Para4 women men stress(兩性壓力不平等)
Para5-Para6 women stress(壓力下的女性)
正確答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
考研英語閱讀命題點預測特殊標點符號
有一些特殊的標點符號也經常成爲出題的對象，因此考生應該對以下標點符號的用法較爲熟悉：逗號、冒號、括號、破折號、引號以及問號。
(1)逗號：兩個逗號之間的內容、或者一個逗號後面的內容，通常都起到補充說明第一個逗號前面內容的作用。
【真題回放2000-Text5】
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”
69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.
[A] they think of it as immoral
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
(2)冒號：其解釋說明或者高度概括。
【真題回放2007-Text4】
① It never rains but it pours. ② Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. ③ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.
36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce
[A] the fierce business competition.
[B] the feeble boss-board relations.
[C] the threat from news reports.
[D] the severity of data leakage.
(3)括號：其解釋說明作用。
【真題回放2006-Text2】
① Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (②The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.③ Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.)④ The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
[B] the company is financially ill-managed
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable
[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise
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