2018英語專四閱讀理解技巧：鎖定4處出題點（一）
英語專四閱讀是有技巧的，題目做的多了，多觀察總結，你會發現，那個地方會出題是有規律可循的，小編總結整合了真題中常見的4個出題點，大家注意，在做題中也可以試着觀察看看，瞭解了出題點，做題的效率就會提升。
一、舉例處
(1)舉例子：句子的作用是爲了支持論證作者的觀點，這些例子往往與作者的觀點和結論有很大的關聯，具有重大的意義，因此也成爲了考試出題點。這種題目在文章中的線索非常明顯，一般都帶有如下的標誌性詞彙：for example、for instance、take … as anexample、as、such as、like 等。舉例子作用通常有三個：第一、證明論點，論點在前;第二、引出話題或得出結論，話題和結論在後;第三、通過對比突出強調事物的某一方面。
【例題】
① If that happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, puttingthe reputation of the target company at risk. ② In such acase, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, andthe learning curve has been steep. ③ Toyota Motor, forexample, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this yearwith a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign,which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such asTwitter and the social-news site Digg.
34. Toyota Motor's experience is cited as an example of
[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.
[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.
[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.
[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.
(2)列舉：所謂列舉是指通過一些表示順承關係的詞語逐項列出一些事實或者觀點，標誌性的詞彙包括First、Second、Third…; Firstly、Secondly、Thirdly…Finally; First of all,、Then、In addition、Further、Furthermore、Besides、Moreover… 針對這一考點的題目通常考查文章細節，有時候也涉及對文章內容的推理判斷。出題形式最多的往往是“是非判斷題”。
【例題】
The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men ofimpressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or solearned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman,lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There menwrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old Worldaudiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.
38. The early ministers and political leaders in MassachusettsBay__________.
[A] were famous in the New World for their writings
[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs
[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World
[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England
二、因果關係處
因果句通常是作者進行分析或者得出結論的地方。英語句子存在前因後果和前果後因，考生一定要弄清楚誰導致誰。出題者爲了考查考生的閱讀能力和邏輯分析能力，經常會把含有因果關係進行顛倒，將“因變成了果、果變成了因”，考生需要注意辨別實際的因果關係，防止混淆。表示因果關係的詞語有：
(1)原因because、because of、so、for、since、as、result from、originate from、derive from;base、basis、reason,、above all、after all等。
【例題】
① The defining term ofintelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests arenot given as often as they used to be. ② The test comes primarilyin two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the WechslerIntelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version)。③ Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usuallygiven only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstoresand the World Wide Web. ④ Superhigh scores like vosSavant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statisticalpopulation distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mentalage by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. ⑤ Otherstandardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and theGraduate Record Exam (GRE)， capture themain aspects of IQ tests.
28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high asvos Savant's because
[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.
[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
[C] vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.
(2)結果：thus, therefore,consequently, in consequence, as a result; lead to, attribute to, result,consequence, result in, cause等。
【例題】
We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use ofsubstances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine tobe sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of asubstance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess willproduce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substancedependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more andmore of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by theappearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance isdiscontinued.
61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from________.
[A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time
[B] exclusive use of them for social purposes
[C] quantitative application of them to the treatment ofdiseases
[D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms
(3)有時候文章中雖然沒有出現表示因果關係的標誌性詞語，但是句與句在邏輯關係上也存在着因果關係，這個時候考生就需要自己進行仔細判斷和推理。
【例題】
There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide willnarrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in theinterest of business to universalize access — after all, the more peopleonline, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments,afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will benetted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrowrather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because theInternet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty thatwe've ever had.
56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it________.
[A] offers economic potentials
[B] can bring foreign funds
[C] can soon wipe out world poverty
[D] connects people all over the world
