高中英語基礎語法
高中英語語法是令所有高中生都頭疼的一個英語知識，很多高中生學習高中英語語法時都感到很吃力。那麼高中英語語法有哪些內容呢?下面由本站小編爲大家整理的高中英語基礎語法，希望對大家有所幫助!
高中英語基礎語法
一、詞法
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分爲可數名詞和不可數名詞，而不可數名詞它沒有複數形式，但可數名詞卻有單數和複數之分，複數的構成如下：
一)在後面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y爲i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
3)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
4)以f或fe結尾的變f爲v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
5)單複數相同(不變的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
6)一般只有複數，沒有單數的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
7)單詞形式不變，既可以是單數也可以是複數的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員
8)合成的複數一般只加主要名詞，多數爲後一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的複數則同時爲複數。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
9)有的單複數意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
10) 單個字母的複數可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
11) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下：
1)單數在後面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
2)複數以s結尾的直接在s後加’，如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節, classmates’; Children’s Day六一節, Women’s Day三八節
3)由and並列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最後一個’s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
2、代詞
項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
複數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
複數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
複數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞
A) 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時，動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s，如下：
一)一般在詞後加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)01、以輔音字母加y結尾的變y爲i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
02、以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
03、以o結尾加es。如：does, goes
04、特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B) 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構成如下：
一)一般在後加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結尾的變ie爲y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下：
01、 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
02、以重讀閉音節結尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
03、以輔音字母+y結尾的變y爲i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
04、特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序，有規則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它後接th;y結尾，變爲i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陳述句
肯定陳述句
a) This is a book. (be動詞)
b) He looks very young. (連繫動詞)
c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)
否定陳述句
a) These aren’t their books.
b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句
a) Please go and ask the man.
b) Let’s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句
a) Don’t be late.
b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑問句
1) 一般疑問句
a) Is Jim a student?
b) Can I help you?
c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV?
e) Is she reading?
肯定回答:
a) Yes, he is.
b) Yes, you can.
c) Yes, she does.
d) Yes, they do.
e) Yes, she is.
否定回答:
a) No, he isn’t.
b) No, you can’t.
c) No, she doesn’t.
d) No, they don’t.
e) No, she isn’t.
2) 選擇疑問句
Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑問句
01、問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
02、問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
03、問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
04、問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is .
05、問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
06、問時間 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
07、問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
08、問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
09、問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
10、問東西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11、問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12、 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13、 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 、問價格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 、問電話號碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16、 問謂語(動作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17、 問職業(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、時態
1、一般現在時 表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時，它有：
Be 動詞：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情態動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行爲動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、現在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態，結構爲sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
高中英語必考的30個基礎句型
1. be doing/be about to do/had done…when…(when：這時, 強調一個動作的突然發生)
I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.
I was about to leave when it began to rain.
I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.
2. It was (not ) + 時間段+before +一般過去時(過了一段時間就......)
It will (not ) be+ 時間段+before +一般現在時(要過一段時間纔會…)
It is/has been +時間段+ since…..
It was +點時間+ when…..
It was +時間狀語+ that …..(強調句)
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意識到他處境危險(動作已發生)
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 還有半年你才從這個學校畢業(動作未發生)
It is 3 years since he worked here.
It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone.(時間狀語從句)
It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone.
3. more…than… 與其說…倒不如…(= not as/ so…………)
more than=not only 不僅僅……..
It is more like a meeting than like a party.
它與其說是一個聚會，不如說是一個會議。
Mr. Zhang is more than my teacher, he is also my best friend.
張先生不僅僅是我的老師，他還是我的朋友。
4. once… 一旦…...
Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work.
Once you have decided to do something, you should finish it and do it well.
5. The +比較級…，the +比較級… 越……, 越……
The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
6. as if/ as though… 好像...(表示與事實相反，用虛擬;若表示即將成爲事實或有可能成爲事實，則用陳述語氣。)
He was in great trouble, but he acted as if nothing had happened.
Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they had been friends for many years.
The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.
7. n./adj./adv./v. + as/though +主語+謂語，儘管...，引導讓步狀語從句。
Child as he is, I already know what career I want to follow.
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with his idea.
8. whether……. 無論…還是…
Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.
Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth.
9. 特殊疑問詞+ever = no matter+特殊疑問詞, 引導讓步狀語從句或名詞性從句。
Whichever(=No matter which) you like, you can take it away.( 讓步狀語從句)
You can take away whichever(=any one that) you like.(賓語從句)
Whoever breaks the law, he will certainly be punished. ( 讓步狀語從句)
Whoever breaks the law will certainly be punished. ( 名詞性從句)
10. if/as long as/so long as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposing that/on condition that 如果/只要/假如…
I will lend you money on condition that you can return it within 3 months.
n that/ considering that 考慮到….., 鑑於……
Given her interest in children/Given that she is interested in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.
12. in case that/ in case of… 萬一…
In case of fire, please dial 119 at once.
In case that John comes/John should come, tell him to wait.
13. 祈使句+ or/otherwise +結果句;祈使句+ and +結果句
Stop doing such foolish thing, or you will be punished in time.
More effort, and the problem would have been settled.
Think it over, and you will find the answer.
14. so/ such………….引導結果狀語從句，須注意當名詞前有many, much, little, few修飾時, 用so不用such。
The westerners eat so much fat and sugar that they put on weight easily.
There are so few fish in the lake that we couldn’t fish them easily.
當主從句主語一致時可與動詞不定式相互轉換,即變成so/such…… to do結構。
The westerners eat so much fat and sugar as to put on weight easily.
15. so that 引導目的狀語從句與結果狀語從句
so that引導目的狀語從句時常與情態動詞連用(= in order that)。
He turned up the radio a little so that he could hear the news clearly.
He turned up the radio a little so as to hear the news clearly.
never/can’t 與too, too much, enough, over- 搭配表示“無論怎樣…都不過分”
While you are doing your homework, you can’t be careful enough.
He is such a great man that we can’t praise him too much.
William Hartley was handsome, determined and hardworking. In a word, I couldn’t speak too highly of him.
The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we can’t overemphasize the importance of learning English.
Since it is a good thing, we can’t do it too soon.
17. 不定式作主語，it作形式主語。
It +系動詞+adj./n.+ for sb. to do (sb.表示動詞不定式動作的執行者)
It +系動詞+adj.+ of sb. to do (sb.既表示動詞不定式動作的執行者，又表示人所具備的性質或特徵)
It’s important for us to have a good knowledge of English.
How rude of him to treat a child like that!
It’s thoughtful of him to fix us up for the night.
18. 不定式作賓語，it作形式賓語。
主語+think/consider/believe/ make/ feel+ it +adj./n. +for sb./ of sb. +to do sth.
I feel it foolish of him to believe such a man.
The timely rain had made it possible for the crops to grow well.
19. won’t/ can’t have sb. doing/done 不能容忍某行爲發生
You are too rude, and I won’t have you speaking to Mother like that again.
We can’t have anything done against the school rules.
20. It is said/thought/ hoped/ ...=sb. is said/thought/hoped/believed to do…..
It is said that he is studying abroad.--> He is said to be studying abroad.
It is considered that many countries highly value China’s role in helping world’s peace.=Many countries is considered to highly value China’s role in helping world’s peace.
21. had hoped to do=hoped to have done表示過去原打算幹卻未曾實現的願望、打算或意圖。類似的動詞還有：expect, think, intend, design, plan, mean, suppose等。
I had hoped to travel to London this summer，but I was too busy.
22. How did sb come to do...? = How come that….爲什麼會…../……是怎麼回事?表示要求對所發生的事情說明理由或做出解釋。
How did you come to find out where she’s living?= How come that you found out….
你是怎麼打聽到她住在哪兒的?
How come that you sat there ,doing nothing?爲什麼坐在那兒什麼也不幹?
23. It is (not ) like sb. to do… ...(不)像某人的所作所爲
It’s like him to answer for what he has done.敢對自己的行爲負責，這是他的一貫作風。
It’s not like him to have been so rude to his mother.
24. when it comes to… 當談到或涉及到…
He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing computer, he will be excited and full of energy.
When it comes to helping his wife with the housework, John never complains.
25. every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ any time等短語引導時間狀語從句，表示“...次的時候”。
Every time you meet with new words while reading, don’t always refer to your dictionary.
Next time you come , do remember to bring your son here.
You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
26. There is (no) need to do…/for...=It is ( not ) necessary for sb. to do…
There is ( no ) hope/chance/possibility of doing…
There is( no )difficulty/trouble/point/delay( in )doing...
Is there any chance of us/our winning the match?
There is no point(意義)in discussing the problem again.
27. It is up to sb. to do sth. 應由某人來做某事……..
——When shall we start out?
——It’s up to you to decide.
It’s up to you to babysit my so while I am away on business.
up to sth. 忙於…..., 從事…..., 勝任.…..
John isn’t really up to that job. 約翰不適合幹那項工作。
What have you been up to recently? 最近你一直在忙些什麼?
29. It is time to do/It is time that +主語+動詞的一般過去式 該是做…..的時候了
It is time that we ended the discussion.
30. 強調句基本構成形式：It is/ was +被強調部分+ who/that+原句剩餘部分
I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.
It was I who/ that met him in the street yesterday afternoon.(強調是我，不是別人)
It was him who/that I met in the street yesterday afternoon.( 強調我遇見的是他，不是別人)
It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.( 強調是在大街上，不是在別的地方，強調的是地點，但不用where)
It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street (強調是昨天下午，不是在別的時候, 強調的是時間，但不用when)
