there be的特殊用法
there be 的特殊用法
一、there be 結構的非謂語形式
There be 結構爲非謂語形式時，be可以是不定式(to be)或(being)，there 作邏輯主語。非謂語形式的there to be 和there being 結構可用作主語、賓語、或狀語。例如：There being a bus stop near the village is a great advantage .村莊旁邊有個汽車站，真是方便極了。(作主語)
We expect there to be no argument .我們希望不再出現爭吵。(作賓語)There being no buses , we had to walk home .由於沒有公共汽車了，我們只好步行回家。(做狀語)There not being any water to drink , he fell rather thirsty .因爲沒有水喝，他感到很渴。(做狀語)那麼，什麼時候用there to be,什麼時候用there being呢?
1.做主語
(1) 有for引導，則用there to be
It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the class. 太遺憾了，這個班上有多方面的麻煩。 It is common for there to be problems of communication between teachers and students. 老師與學生人之間存在着溝通問題是很常見的。
(2) 沒有for引導，則用there being
There being a public bus service is a great convenience to people. 公交車對人們十分方便。
The prison is heavily guarded. There being no hope of escape is certain.
2.做動詞的賓語
(1)跟動名詞的動詞後用there being。常見的動詞有：deny, appreciate, mind, imagine, admit等。
(2)跟不定式的動詞後用there to be。常見的動詞有：want, expect, wish, like , hate, would like, prefer, mean, intend等。She denied there being any misunderstanding between them.她否認他們之間有任何誤會。 Teachers don’t want there to be any students lagging behind. 老師不希望有任何學生掉隊。They hate there to be long queues everywhere. 他們不願意處處都要排長隊。
3.做作狀語
(1)作獨立主格結構，用there e being nothing else to do, they went home.沒有別的事做，他們回家了。There being nobody else to help me, I had to do by myself.由於沒有人幫我，我只得單幹了
(2)但若置於介詞for之後，則用there to be，整個介詞短語作程度狀語。It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了，不會有公共汽車了。It is enough for there to be five minutes. 五分鐘就足夠了。
二、e be+主語+ doing，其中主語與現在分詞存在邏輯上的主謂關係，表示動作正在進行或現在、過去的狀態
例如：At one time , there were long queues of people waiting outside the CAAC office .
曾經人們在中國民航售票處排隊等候。There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters couldn’t get close to the building .街上觀火的人太多，消防隊員無法靠近大樓。
2. There be+主語+ done, 其中過去分詞與主語存在邏輯上的動賓關係且表示被動意義
例如：There were lots of good English language programmers broadcast on TV or on the air in China.有許多很好的英語節目在中國的廣播電臺或電視臺播出。There are also gymnastics performed in China and some other Asian countries . 中國及亞洲其它國家也進行體操表演。
3. There be+主語+ to do / to be done ,其中不定式與主語通常有邏輯上的動賓關係或主謂關係，不定式表示尚未發生或將要發生的動作
例如：There are a few simple safe measures to follow / to be followed while training . 有一些簡單的安全措施，供訓練時遵照執行。I hope there will be more people to attend the conference .我希望有更多的人來參加會議。如果強調不定式的動作被別人做時可以用不定式的被動式。例如：There were lots of materials to be sent to the government office next week .有許多材料在下週要送到政府辦公室去。
鞏固練習
1. It is not uncommon for ______ problems of communication between old and young.
A. there to be B. there being C. there to being D. there be
2. — We didn’t find Smith attending the lecture.
— No one had told him about ______ a lecture the following day.
A. there was B. there to be C. there being D. there be
3. ____ nothing more to discuss, the secretary-general got to his feet, said goodbye and left the room.
A. There was B. Being C. As there being D. There being
4. The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before the final exams.
B. being C. have been D. to be
5. We have no objection to___ a meeting here.
A. there to be B. there being C. there be D. there is
6. I don’t want there _____ misunderstanding.
A. was B. being C. been D. to be
7. There _____ a big tree here when I was a child.
A. is B. used to be C. used to being D. was used to
8. There ____ no money left, I can’t buy the book.
A. being B. is C. to be D. are
9. There has been a car _____.
A. stealing B. to steal C. has been stolen D. stolen
10. There is going to ____ a meeting tomorrow.
A. have B. hold C. having D. be
11. _____ to take a taxi.
A. There is no necessary B. It’s no necessity
C. There is no necessity D. There is not necessity
12. There must have been a heavy rain yesterday, _____?
A. hasn’t there B. have there C. mustn’t there D. wasn’t there
e is a river ______around our school.
A. To run B. run C. running D. to be running
14._______ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessary of the work .
A. It existed B. There had C. There existing D. There existed
15.__________no bus, we had to walk home.
A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was
16._______no bus, we had to walk home.
A. As there being B. As there was C. Being D. There was
e _____ no buses now , we had to go home on foot .
A. is B. were C. are D. being
過關練習：用there to be 和there being填空。
1.I'd like ________ a swimming pool in the garden.
2. There's little hope of ________ a settlement of the dispute.
3. For ________ so many mistakes in my homework is impossible
4. Sam was counting on ________ another chance.
5. It's necessary for ________ more houses built next year.
6. ________ no more choice, the old man cried bitterly.
7. ________ an index to this dictionary is a great advantage.
8. The chairman was surprised at ________ such heated discussion about the problem.
9. Jim intended ________ a family reunion during the Christmas.
10. I hate ________ stops every stop when I travel by train.
參考答案：1.A 2.C 3. D 4. D 5.B 6. D 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.D 11. C 12. D 13.C 14.D 15. A 16. B 17.D (過關練習)e to be 2. there being 3. there to be 4. there being 5, there to be e being e being 8. there being 9. there to be 10. there to be
