八年級下冊英語Unit4語法解析
語法是語言詞與句構成規律的總結。它是學習一門語言的基礎,那麼八年級下冊英語Unit4語法你都掌握了嗎?接下來本站小編爲你整理了八年級下冊英語Unit4語法解析，一起來看看吧。
Direct speech直接引語 | Reported speech直接引語 |
I am mad at Marcia. 我生馬西婭的氣了。 | She said she was mad at Marcia. 她說她生馬西婭的氣了。 |
I am having a party for Lana. 我正爲拉娜舉行聚會。 | She said she was having a party for Lana. 她說她爲拉娜舉行了聚會。 |
I go to the beach every Saturday. 我每星期六去海灘。 | He said he went to the beach every Saturday. 他說他每星期六去海灘。 |
I will call you tomorrow. 明天我將給你打電話。 | He told me he would call me tomorrow the next day. 他告訴我他明天將給我打電話。 |
I can speak three languages. 我會講三種語言。 | She said she could speak three languages. 他說他會講三種語言。 |
以上方框中的句子講述的是一個新的語法：直接引語和直接引語(Direct speech and Reported speech)。
1. 定義：
(1)直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語。(直接引語一般前後要加引號)
Mr. Black said, "I'm busy." 布萊克先生說：“我很忙”。
(2)用自己的話轉述別人的話，叫間接引語。(間接引語在多數情況下構成賓語從句，不用引號)
Mr. Black said that he was busy. 布萊克先生說他很忙。
2. 直接引語變間接引語在以下幾方面發生變化：
直接引語改爲間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因爲原句的句式不同，所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞要調整。
(1)直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時要用連詞that引導，連詞that也可省略。
Tom said, "We are listening to the pop music."
→Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
(2)直接引語是一般疑問句，變成間接引語時要用連詞if或whether引導。從句再改成陳述句語序，時態隨主句的時態而變化。主句中的謂語動詞爲said時，要改爲asked. 沒有間接引語時，可以加一個間接賓語(me, him或us等)。
"Do you know where she lives?" he asked.
→He asked if / whether I knew where she lived.
(3)直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時用相應的疑問詞引導，從句要改成陳述句語序，時態隨主句的時態而變化。如：who, whom, what, whose, how, when, why, where等。
"What can I do for you?' he asked me.
→He asked (me) what he could do for you .
(4)直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，要將祈使句的動詞原形變爲帶to的不定式，並在不定式的前面根據句子的意思加上tell, ask, order等動詞，其句型爲：tell / ask / order sb. to do sth.的形式。若原句是否定句，變成間接引語時在動詞不定式前加not，即tell / ask / order sb. not to do sth.的形式。
"Stop making so much noise, children." he said.
→He asked the children to stop making so much noise.
"Don't tell him the news." she said.
→She told me not to tell him the news
(5)直接引語是客觀事實、永恆真理，變成間接引語時時態不變，用一般現在時。
The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west."
→The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.
總結：直接引語變直接引語的方法如下：
人稱變化跟句意(一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新)
所用時態看主句(主現在，從隨意，主過去，從過去)(注意：當轉述客觀真理時，無論主句用何種時態，從句都用一般現在時)
陳述語序要牢記
引導詞看句式(陳述句用that, 一般疑問句用if或whether, 特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞，祈使句動詞變to do)
3. 在間接引語中要根據意思將直接引語中的人稱、時態和表示時間、地點等的詞作相應的改變。
(1)人稱的變化：
Direct speech直接引語 → Reported speech間接引語
I am mad at Marcia. → She said she was mad at Marcia.
I like English. → He said he liked English.
We are having a class. → They said they were having a class
He can speak English. → Lucy said he could speak English.
I will go shopping after school. → She told me she would go shopping after school.
直接引語 | 間接引語 | |
人稱 | I we | he或she they |
(2)時態的變化：
主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變間接引語時，從句的謂語動詞在時態方面作相應的變化。(如主句的謂語動詞是現在時，從句的時態無須變化。)
直接引語 Direct speech | 間接引語 Reported speech |
一般現在時 | 一般過去時 |
現在進行時 | 過去進行時 |
現在完成時 | 過去完成時 |
一般過去時 | 過去完成時 |
一般將來時 | 過去將來時 |
(3)指示代詞、地點狀語、動詞和時間狀語的變化：
指示代詞 | this these | that those |
地點狀語 | here | there |
動詞 | come bring must will / may / can | go take had to would / might/could |
時 間 狀 語 | now | then |
today | that day | |
tonight | that night | |
yesterday | the day before | |
tomorrow | the next (following) day | |
last month (week), etc | the month (week, etc.) before | |
next month (week, etc.) | the next (following) month (week, etc.) | |
four months (week, etc.) ago | four months (weeks, etc.) before | |
the day after tomorrow | two days late (in two days time) | |
the day before yesterday | two days before |
注：直接引語轉換成間接引語時的變化根據實際情況而定。假如就在當天轉述，today, yesterday, tomorrow等就不需改變;如果在當地轉述，here也不必改爲there, come 也不必改爲 go.
八年級下冊英語Unit4語法習題Ⅰ. 句型轉換
(1) "You can do better." My math teacher said to me. (變爲間接引語)
My math teacher told me ____ ____ ____ better.
(2) She said she didn't want to watch TV. (對劃線部分提問)
___________ _________ she ___________?
(3) "Are you interested in this?" he said.
He ______ ______ I was interested in ______.
(4) He said to me, "I will call you tomorrow." (改爲間接引語)
(5) "What are you doing these days?" he asked. (改爲間接引語)
(6) "Don't tell him the news." she said. (改爲間接引語)
She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news
(7) Dave said he would have noodles for breakfast. (變爲直接引語)
Dave said, "____ ____ ____ noodles for breakfast."
以上(1)(4)小題直接引語的從句是陳述句直接用連詞that引導即可，不過人稱與時態和時間狀語要做相應的變化;(2)小題則是對從句的提問，關鍵要把握好時態，看劃線提問要提問什麼即可;(3)題和(5)題直接引語的從句分別是一般疑問句和特殊疑問句在變成間接引語時引導詞分別是if / whether和相應的特殊疑問詞，語序要變成陳述句的語序;(6)小題則是祈使句的否定形式，變成間接引語時在動詞不定式前加not，即tell / ask / order sb. not to do sth.的形式;(7)小題要考察學生的逆向思維由間接引語變成直接引語，也要注意人稱、時態和狀語的變化。
Ⅱ.單項選擇
(1) Linda said that they ____ an English evening party the next day.
A. would have B. will have C. are having D. was having
(2) She said she ____ three languages.
A. could say B. could speak C. can say D. could talk
(3) The teacher said the earth ____ round the sun.
A. go B. goes C. went D. is going
(4) Can you tell me ____?
A. where they are B. where are they
C. where they were now D. where were they now
(5) He said that he ____ at 5:00 pm tomorrow.
A. will come B. comes C. came D. would come
以上(1)(2)(3)(5)幾個小題均按照直接引語變間接引語的方法去做便可，但第(4)小題要注意的是當主句爲一般現在時時從句的時態無需發生變化，即用一般現在時就行。
Ⅲ.漢譯英
(1) 她告訴我她正爲Lana舉辦一個驚奇的聚會。
She told me she ________ a surprise party for Lana.
(2) 這個女孩說：“週六我可以帶些飲料和零食。”
The girl said, "I ____ ____ some drinks and snacks on Saturday."
(3) 吉姆問瑪麗他們是否是朋友。
Jim asked Mary ___ they ____ friends.
(4) 老師告訴我們不要在馬路上玩。
The teacher told us ___________ on the road.
八年級下冊英語Unit4語法習題答案句型轉換：
(1) I could do (2) What did; say (3) asked if / whether; that (4) He asked you could call me the next day. (5) He asked uswhat you were doing those days? (6) not to tell (7) I will have
單項選擇：
(1) A (2) B (3) B (4) A (5) D
漢譯英：
(1) was having (2) can bring (3) if were (4) not to play
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