新概念英語第二冊語法總結:賓語從句
何爲賓語從句?它是名詞性從句的一種。在主從複合句中充當賓語,位於及物動詞、介詞或複合謂語之後的從句。其實這是英語學習中一個不可或缺的語法知識點,它有哪些核心需要我們瞭解和學習的?來看看新概念英語第二冊是怎麼爲我們解答的。
1. that引導賓語從句時無含義,不充當成分,常省略。
that不引導介詞的賓語從句,至於except that, in that, save that, but that等是複合從屬連詞。
I know (that) you.have met him.
Let's suppose that one day this happens to you.
在及物動詞和賓語從句之間常有間接賓語(指人)。例如:
I told him (that) he was wrong.
在少數動詞如:think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等後面的從句中的否定詞經常轉移到主句謂語動詞上,這叫否定前置/否定轉移。(hope“希望”, guess“認爲”後的賓語從句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望不是那樣的”,是I hope so.的否定式。I don't hope so.是對hope的否定:“我不希望如此”。)如:
I don't think it will be very cold today.
I don't think you are right.
I don't believe he has finished his work.
注意:
①非必須否定轉移。若需要強調從句的否定時就不作轉移。
②不可把所有可否定轉移動詞的否定句都理解爲否定賓語從句,要根據句意或語境而定。
I don't think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise.
We didn't think we'd be this late.
③當think用在疑問句中,或主句中的謂語動詞與狀語連用,或主句中的謂語動詞被do強調時,不能否定轉移。
Why do you think we can't change your note?
I do believe Tom never tells a lie.
They still didn't believe that the food would come.
I can't believe that they are married.
④否定轉移多用在主句動詞爲一般現在時的情況。
主句動詞爲一般過去時、過去完成時、過去進行時、現在完成時、現在完成進行時,或主句動詞與情態動詞連用,就不能否定轉移。此時若主句動詞爲否定,應考慮是否是對主句動詞的否定。
I had thought that he would not come.
我已經想到了他不能來了。
⑤當賓語從句中有no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit, gh, can't help doing等時不能否定轉移。
I think I can't help laughing if I see it.
I believe he never tells a lie.
許多帶賓語補足語的句子要用it作形式賓語,而把賓語從句置於句尾。
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance.
2. whether, if引導賓語從句:表示“是否”可互換,口語中常用if。
He asked if she would come.
注意下列情況下whether不可用if換:
1)引導主語從句置於句首時。
2)whether後沒有單詞間隔而直接跟or not時。
I don't know whether or not he will come.
3) whether從句作介詞賓語時。
They are talking about whether he will win the game.
Everything depends on whether you agree with us.
4)whether後接不定式時。
I don't know whether to attend the meeting.
5)動詞discuss, decide的賓語從句時。
3. 連接代詞what, who, whose等引導的賓語從句。
Tell me what you want.
Do you know who will come at the meeting?
注意:who, whom按照傳統語法,從句中who所取代的名詞如果是賓語應用賓格whom,但在口語中常用who,如:
Do you know whom (who) he will invite?
①whose, which, what三個詞都帶有形容詞性質。whose表示所有,意爲“誰的”;which意爲“哪一個”,what意爲“什麼”。如:
Whose book it is not important.
Please tell me which school you want to go.
He didn't know what time it was.
②一般說來,which指的是在一個具體的、較明確的、有限的、較小範圍;而what則指較廣的或不明確的範圍。如:which food,說話人一般指眼前的或明確範圍的幾種food;what food則指許多food,而且說話人心中沒有數。
I don't know which / what food you want.
如果範圍較大或者沒有什麼範圍,最好用what food。
4. 連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。
I don't know when the meeting will be held.
Please tell me where I can find Tom.
He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting.
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
5. 可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引導賓語從句。
Please write down whatever he is saying.
I don't know whoever will come.
I'll do whatever you ask me to.
6. 表示愛憎情感的動詞,如:enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, don't mind, resent, appreciate(感激)等以及某些介詞結尾的短語動詞如:count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like, see to等後,即使沒有賓補也要先接形式賓語it,再接賓語從句。
I like it when she smiles at me.
I love it when you sing.
I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public.
除了but, besides, except, in, save, beyond六個介詞後跟that引導的賓語從句外,其他介詞都不能。in that是“因爲”的意思,其餘五個與that搭配都是“除了……”。
賓語從句的內容就介紹這麼多,如果你想系統學習新概念英語這套教材,歡迎來網校,選擇新概念相關課程,相信老師們的精彩講授會幫助到大家的英語學習。希望大家都能明白,學習是一場持久的戰役,只有堅持不懈的人才能到達勝利的彼岸。