英語靜態動詞的用法
英語中的動態動作和靜態狀態可以表現在動詞中,從語義角度講,動詞可以分爲動態和靜態。下面，我們來詳細瞭解。
英語靜態動詞的用法：
1. 感覺動詞(verbs of perception)：感覺動詞用來表示主體的思維和五官活動的動詞。這類動詞有：see, hear, smell, sound, taste, etc.
We can smell something burning.
Can you taste onion in the soup?
2. 認識動詞(verbs of cognition)：認識動詞用來表示各種思想感情及心理狀態。
這類動詞有：astonish，desire，believe，love，hate，remember，know，want，wish，think，recognize，etc.
His words astonished all.
I didn’t recognized her.
3. 關係動詞(relational verbs)：關係動詞用來表示主體和其他事物之間的靜止關係或狀態。這類動詞有：apply to，be，belong to，concern，resemble，consist of，contain，cost，depend on，deserve，fit，have，remain，seem，need，own，etc.
The rules apply to all undertakings.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
通過對上述靜態動詞(stative verbs)的語義分析,可以概括爲以下幾點:
1) 靜態動詞不能用於祈使句。 不能說：
Hear, someone is knocking at the door.
Know him, please.
2) 靜態動詞一般不以進行體形式出現。不能說：
I am knowing that Jack went there.
Our class is consisting of 20 students.
3) 靜態動詞不能用於複合賓語(complex objects)中。不能說：
I ask him to smell something unpleasant.
I advised him remember it.
4) 靜態動詞不能用於帶有do 代詞形式的假擬分裂句。不能說：
What I did was to feel pain on my head.
What she did was to dislike the novel.
動詞enjoy的用法：
第一，表示感官和物質方面的享受，enjoy的賓語屬於感官接受的事物時，一般譯爲“享受”和“享有”。
Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chicken cooked with garlic. 雍慧同意留下來，不久他們兩人就津津有味地吃起餃子和蒜蓉雞胸肉。(必修三第2單元)
Wang Peng was enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed.王鵬正在吃第二盤餃子，他嘆了一口氣。(必修三第2單元)
They enjoyed a superb curry lunch.他們吃了一頓極好的咖喱飯。
For the first time he enjoyed a roast potato.他第一次享受到烤土豆的味道。
We enjoyed a day’s fishing by the river.我們在河邊享受了一天垂釣之樂。
He lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.他躺在草地上享受陽光。
I was sitting in the garden enjoying the sunshine.我坐在庭院裏享受明媚的陽光。
He was enjoying his new-found freedom.他享受着剛剛獲得的自由。
We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我們現在享受到了過去只是聽說過的那些舒適條件。
He was a guy who enjoyed life to the full.他是個盡情享受生活的人。
The average German will enjoy 40 days' paid holiday this year.今年，德國人將平均享受40天的帶薪假期。
第二，表示心理和精神方面的欣賞，enjoy的賓語屬於心理接受的事物時，一般譯爲“喜歡”和“欣賞”。如果是進行時態，則翻譯爲“欣賞”，因爲“喜歡”一詞一般不用在進行時態中。
We enjoyed a highly amusing film.我們欣賞了一部非常有趣的影片。
Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.既然有空，我可以欣賞一下音樂。
How did you enjoy the concert? 你喜歡那場音樂會嗎?
I enjoy reading Mark Twain's autobiography.我喜歡讀馬克•吐溫的自傳。
I hope you will all enjoy the exhibition.我希望你們都喜歡這個展覽。
I enjoy socializing with the other students.我喜歡和同學來往。
As far as I can tell, she will enjoy the new course. 據我判斷，她喜歡這門新課程。
第三，enjoy的賓語是反身代詞時，即enjoy oneself，譯爲“過得快活，玩得快樂”。
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.假期裏大家都過得很愉快。
Not all the students enjoyed themselves at the party.並非所有的學生都在聚會上玩得高興。
On my last visit to London I enjoyed myself very much.上次去倫敦遊覽,我玩得很快活。
I have been here for three months and so far I've enjoyed myself.我來這裏已經有三個月了,我一直過得很愉快。
The children are enjoying themselves. 孩子們自己玩得很快活。
動詞appreciate的用法：
1. 表示“感激”“讚賞”等，通常爲及物動詞，其後可接名(代)詞、動名詞、名詞性從句等作賓語，但不能接不定式。如：
I really appreciate a good cup of tea. 有好茶一杯，我就真樂在其中了。
I appreciate your giving me so much of your time. 真感激你爲我花了這麼多時間。
I appreciate being given this opportunity. 非常感謝給了我這個機會。
I appreciate that you have come here so early. 感謝你來得這麼早。
其後不直接跟 if 或when引導的從句，若語義上需要接這類從句，需藉助 it。如：
We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她來幫忙了，我們十分感激。
I would much appreciate it if you would arrange this for us. 如果你能替我安排這事，我將非常感激。
2. 其後只能接“事”作賓語，而不能接“人”作賓語;若接“人”作賓語，可考慮用動詞thank等。比較：
正：We appreciate your help. 我們感謝你的幫助。
誤：We appreciate you for your help.
正：He thanked her for her help. 他感謝她的幫助。
誤：He thanked her help.
動詞cause的用法：
1. 用作動詞，有兩類用法需注意：
(1) 表示“造成”“使(發生)”，注意以下搭配：
①其後可直接用造成的結果或發生的事情作賓語。如：
Smoking can cause lung cancer. 吸菸可導致肺癌。
Careless drivers cause accidents. 司機不小心就出事故。
②後接雙賓語。如：
The car caused me a lot of trouble. 這車給我引來了不少麻煩。
He caused his parents much unhappiness. 他弄得他父母很不愉快。
I hope this will not cause you any inconvenience. 希望這不會給你造成不便。
③後接不定式的複合結構作賓語。如：
The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天氣寒冷凍死了植物。
Heating a copper bar will cause it to expand. 對銅棒加熱會使它膨脹。
What caused your wife to change her mind? 是什麼使你的妻子改變了主意?
若雙賓語易位，可用介詞 to / for 來引出間接賓語。如：
Her irresponsible behaviour has caused her family a great deal of anxiety.=Her irresponsible behaviour has caused a great deal of anxiety to [for] her family. 她不負責任的行爲已引起她的家人的莫大擔擾。
(2) 表示“使”“迫使”，通常接不定式的複合結構作賓語，注意不要受動詞 make 的影響而用錯句型。比較：
是什麼使她哭了?
正：What caused her to cry? / What made her cry?
誤：What caused her cry [crying]? / What made her to cry?
這個壞消息使她傷心。
正：The bad news caused her to be sad.
正：The bad news made her sad.
誤：The bad news caused her sad.
2. 用作名詞，有以下3種主要用法：
(1) 表示“原因”，爲可數名詞。如：
Bacteria are often a cause of disease. 細菌常常引起疾病。
Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. 吸菸是引起心臟病的一種原因。
(2) 表示“理由”，爲不可數名詞。如：
He had just cause for anger. 他有正當的理由生氣。
(3) 表示“事業”“奮鬥目標”，爲可數名詞。如：
He dedicated himself to the cause of science. 他獻身科學事業。
比較下面兩句，注意cause前冠詞的有無：
There is no effect without a cause. 沒有無因之果。
Don’t complain without (good) cause. 不要無故抱怨。
3. 比較cause與reason：
(1) 表示造成某一事實或現象的直接原因或起因，一般要用cause(後常接of)，不用reason。如：
Carelessness is often the cause of fires. 疏忽大意往往釀成火災。
Friction is the cause of the match’s lighting. 摩擦是火柴點燃的原因。
(2) 若是說明或解釋某種行爲或看法的理由，兩者可通用(其後常接 for或不定式)。如：
There is no cause [reason] for anxiety [to be anxious]. 沒有理由焦慮。
You have no reason [cause] for complaint [to complain]. 你沒有理由抱怨。
以上就是英語靜態動詞的用法，希望可以給大家在學習英語的時候帶來幫助。
