科技界領軍人物教你如何提高PPT演示技巧

Before the preparation

準備之前，搞清以下幾個問題：

1. Who: Understand the target. What does an average person sitting in the auditorium look like? Feel them, imagine them, draw them. What level of competency do they have in the subject you are going to present? Tailor the content to your audience. Never try to go over their heads or beneath their feet. Once you start visualizing the audience and get them into their heads, you can make an emotional bond with them.

1. 演示對象：瞭解演示的目標受衆。坐在禮堂裏的那些普通人是什麼樣子？體會他們的感受，想象他們的特點，描繪出他們的形象。對於你將要演示的主題，他們的理解能力達到了怎樣的水平？根據受衆量身設計演示內容。不要過於高深，也不能過於膚淺。只要你能將受衆形象化，從他們的角度來思考問題，你便可以與他們產生一種情感上的聯繫。

2. Why: Understand your motive. Why are you presenting? What are you planning to achieve after the presentation? Is it to attract investors? Is it to convince a scientific audience about the validity of your work? The presentation is just the marketing of your content and cannot be a replacement for your main content (a detailed deck & metrics in case of fund raising & a paper in case of a research presentation). The presentation is one of the weapons that should lead you to that strategic objective.

2. 原因：瞭解你的動機。你爲什麼要進行這次演示？你希望通過演示達成怎樣的目標？是要吸引投資者嗎？或者使科學領域的受衆認可你工作的有效性？演示只是在營銷自己的內容，但並不能取代你的主要內容（融資時，需要演示一套詳細的幻燈片與度量指標；發表研究報告時，需要演示一篇論文）。演示是幫助你實現戰略目標的武器之一。

3. What: Understand the context. What is the broad context of your presentation. Is it a part of a demo day? Is it part of an academic conference? Is it a company meeting? Is it a fund raising event for a charity? Is it a product demo? The context should drive your content and intent.

3. 演示內容：瞭解語境。你的演示需要什麼樣的廣義語境？是體驗日的一部分？是學術會議的一部分？或者是在一次公司會議上？是融資活動還是慈善活動？是產品演示嗎？你的語境應該能驅動你演示的內容和意圖。

4. Understand the Bikini rule of life - Reveal enough and conceal enough to spark interest. Most of us have the temptation to dump all the stuff we got into the poor little Powerpoint. That leads to intimidation and confusion. The goal of the presentation should be to spark that interest in your work so that your target comes towards you. In essence it is a conversation starter by gaining their attention.

4. 瞭解比基尼準則——露的部分要足夠多，但蓋住的部分也要足夠多，這樣才能激起聽衆的興趣。大多數人總是忍不住想將自己知道的一切都放到一張小小的幻燈片當中。這會嚇到聽衆，讓他們感到迷惑。演示的目標應該是激起聽衆對你的工作的興趣，最終幫助你實現目標。從本質上而言，演示更像是一個開場白，用途是吸引對方的注意力。

The Marketing Mindset

營銷思維

When you are presenting, you are actually marketing [to eventually lead to a “sale” – of whatever you are attempting]. Get into that mindset. You can never sell someone an important idea through a single shot. You need go through a series of stages in the process of them buying your idea. First get them to be aware of your product, generate an interest and eventually lead them to process that leads them to “purchase”. Your presentation should do the first two stages below.

當你演示的時候，你其實是在進行營銷[最終達成“銷售”——不論你有怎樣的打算]。養成這種思維。你不可能一蹴而就，直接就能將重要的創意賣給客戶。你需要經歷一系列階段才能賣出你的想法。首先要讓別人知道你的產品，然後產生興趣，最終讓他們做出“購買”決定。你的演示應該優先完成前兩個階段，詳見下文。

Preparing for your presentation

正式開始準備

1. The powerpoint deck is not a handout. Don’t be that guy handing out irrelevant printouts of your powerpoint. Prepare a document handout prepared through a document creator like MS Word or InDesign.

1. 幻燈片不能作爲會上分發的文字材料。不要分發毫無意義的幻燈片打印材料。用MS Word或InDesign等文檔創建工具準備一份在會上分發的文字資料。

2. The powerpoint deck should not be a readable one. Certainly not a printable one. [If they are reading, they are not listening to you]. It should be to connect. To get your audience to be interested in you. No more than 7-10 words. Once the audience like your idea, they should have the handout to read more and then come to you for a much detailed walk through.

2. 幻燈片不是用來閱讀的，當然也不是用來打印的。[聽衆在閱讀的時候，便不會聽你演講。]關鍵是讓聽衆與你產生聯繫。令你的受衆對你產生興趣。不要超過7-10個單詞。只要聽衆喜歡你的創意，他們就會閱讀文字材料以瞭解更多內容，然後與你進行更詳細的交流。

3. Prepare a script. Powerpoint deck is not your cheat sheet to read from. Don’t rest on that. Have a strong script and use the projection to complement what you say. When you have finished rehearsing, rehearse hard. Whenever I present without rehearsing, the result shows immediately in the audience [boredom].

3. 準備腳本。幻燈片不是讓你用來朗讀的小抄。不要依賴幻燈片。要有一份可靠的腳本，並用投影儀補充你所說的內容。要不斷彩排。每次我沒有經過彩排便進行演講的後果，很快便會在聽衆當中反映出來[無聊]。

4. Get to the empty stage. Before an important presentation, get to the stage when the whole place is empty. Pace the stage and let the physical world consume you. Feel at home and let the environment absorb you.

4. 走上空無一人的講臺。進行重要的演示之前，在大廳內空無一人的時候提前走上講臺感受一下。在講臺上踱步，感受真實的現場氛圍。找到在家中的自在感覺，讓自己全身心投入到演示現場。

5. Do a dry run. During one of my recent presentations, I didn’t do a tech dry run. Not surprisingly the tech melted down and there was precious minutes lost. Make sure the technology doesn’t fail you.

5. 進行現場預演。在我最近一次演示中，我們沒有進行技術預演，果然出現了技術問題，我失去了寶貴的幾分鐘。一定要保證技術方面不會出故障。

6. Be very comfortable with the clothes you are going to wear. You should feel those clothes are an extension of your body. I have a favorite suit I bought 7 years ago and I don’t wear any of my other suits for the most important presentations. I take it ceremonially and feel like a knight in his armor. That suit provides the cloak of invincibility. Once I’m in, I feel all the good omens from the past presentations come in and push me and give the confidence.

6. 穿舒適的衣服。你應該感覺這些衣服便是你身體的延伸。我有一套最喜歡的西裝，那是我在七年前買的，之後在最重要的演示場合，我從來都不穿其他衣服。我已經將它變成了一種儀式，穿着它就像是一位身穿鎧甲的騎士。那套西裝讓我戰無不勝。只要穿着它，我就能感受到之前那些演講給我帶來的好兆頭，推動着我，讓我充滿信心。

During the presentation

演示過程中

1. Have a good look at the audience and your preparation should have made you feel very close to that target. After you get to the stage and have setup your mike, don’t start talking immediately. Pause a couple of seconds taking a good strong look with a strong smile [you can see that great leaders always do that before they start their speech]. That is when you are conveying you can be trusted. That brief 2-3 seconds can be very crucial.

1. 好好看看下面的聽衆，你的準備應該讓你感覺已經非常接近目標。走上講臺設置好麥克風之後，不要馬上開始說話。暫停幾秒鐘，帶着熱情的微笑看看下面的聽衆[你會發現偉大的領導者在開始演講之前都會這麼做]。這是在向聽衆們傳達一種信息：你是值得信任的。這短短的2-3秒鐘非常關鍵。

2. Disarm and charm the audience with mild self-deprecation. Get your first joke on yourself. Let the audience laugh. While I was once presenting to a group of rich southerners in Nashville, I made fun of my accent. The audience were smiling the whole time as I turned by weakness into an advantage [they were more attentive due to my accent, after that point].

2. 用無傷大雅的自嘲讓聽衆放下戒心，吸引聽衆。先拿自己開個玩笑。讓聽衆們笑出聲來。有一次，我在納什維爾向一些有錢的南方人演講，我嘲笑了自己的口音。聽衆們一直在大笑，而我也將自己的弱點變成了優勢[在那之後，由於我的口音，他們變得更加專注] 。

3.

3.

(1) I opened with this slide on 2 different occassions [both very important] and on both occassions, the audience burst out laughing & remembered the presentation. A designer friend crafted this deck for me.

(1) 在兩次非常重要的場合，我都用這個幻燈片開場，兩場演示的聽衆均鬨堂大笑，並且記住了那次演示。這是一位設計師朋友專門爲我設計的。

(2) Don’t turn your back on the audience and look to move a bit. A body language expert once coached on the right way to move & make the audience trust. Coming forward conveys trust. So, when you are conveying your big idea or getting to the ask, move a few inches forward. That little movement forward can send a lot of subtle cues. Going back can send messages of dishonestly. Thus, avoid moving back [unless you are taking a joke on you] and always make a small movement forward – and make that movement so subtle that the audience doesn’t even know you are walking towards them. Also avoid showing the back of your hand or the back of the body – those all increases distrust.

(2) 不要背對聽衆，要有一些動作。一位身體語言專家曾經培訓過讓聽衆信任的正確的移動方式。向前表示信任。所以，在講述你的大創意或回答提問的時候，向前移動幾英寸。這個向前的小動作可以傳遞出許多非常微妙的線索。向後則代表不誠實。因此，要避免向後移動[除非你在拿自己開玩笑]，只能向前稍稍移動——動作要非常細微，聽衆們甚至都不知道你在向前走。避免將手背或後背面向聽衆——這些動作會增加不信任。

(3) Master your pauses. This is the hardest thing to do for non-professionals. Masters of drama know when to pause to give that impact. After your big idea got to the screen, wait a second or two to give that dramatic effect. Let the audience absorb the drama.

(3) 注意停頓。對於非職業演講人來說，這是最難的部分。戲劇大師們很清楚在何時停頓，進而形成衝擊力。將你的大創意打到屏幕上之後，停頓一兩秒鐘，以達到戲劇效果。讓聽衆們把注意力集中到你的演示上來。

(4) Keep your basics correct – making eye contact with a chunk of the audience, changing your tones a bit.

(4) 基礎方面不出錯——與大部分聽衆進行眼神接觸，略微改變一下語調。

As a parting note, give the presentation its due importance. Give the audience their due respect. A presentation can change your whole life. Thus, take it seriously and do the homework.

最後提醒一下，對演示要有足夠的重視。對聽衆要足夠尊重。一場演示可能改變你的一生。所以，一定要嚴肅對待，做好必要的功課。