育兒方式與青少年的自我價值,抑鬱症相關大綱

Parenting is a crucial factor in the upbringing of a person. Often character and self-worth is related to how a child is raised. A recent study has concluded children with parents who encourage them to express themselves and acknowledge their perspectives have a stronger sense of self-worth, intrinsic motivation and engagement, with less chances of depression.

育兒方式是培養一個人的關鍵因素。通常一個人的性格和自我價值與他/她的成長方式相關。最近的一項研究得出結論：得到父母的鼓勵表達自己、承認自己觀點的孩子有着更強的自我價值感、內在動力和參與感，抑鬱症的可能性更小。

As part of a new research, Wendy Grolnick, professor of psychology at Clark University, and Kristine N. Marbell-Pierre, Ph.D., conducted a parenting study amongst children from two countries — the United States and Ghana. The results of the study were published in journal Child Development in an article titled “Parental Autonomy Support in Two Cultures: The Moderating Effects of Adolescents' Self-Construals.”

作爲一項新研究的一部分，克拉克大學的心理教授溫迪•格拉尼克和Kristine N. Marbell-Pierre博士對兩個國家（美國和加納）的兒童展開了育兒研究。研究結果刊登在《兒童發展》期刊上，題目爲《兩種文化中的父母自主性支持：青少年自我意識的調節作用》（“Parental Autonomy Support in Two Cultures: The Moderating Effects of Adolescents' Self-Construals”）。

"Our study resolves conflicting findings from previous studies," Grolnick says. "It suggests that supporting adolescents' sense of agency is universally beneficial, but how this support is given may not necessarily look the same across cultures."

“我們的研究解決了以往研究中相互矛盾的結果，”格拉尼克說道。“這表明：支持青少年的控制感在全球範圍內都是有益的，但在不同文化中，給予這種支持的方式不一定是相同的。”

The study concluded a nurturing environment helped children across cultures. Even though the manner in which positive development was imparted varied, the results of encouragement were found to be uniformly benefitting children.

研究總結道：在不同文化中，培養環境對孩子的成長十分重要。儘管傳輸正能量發展的方式不盡相同，但研究人員發現：鼓勵都會使孩子獲益。

According to a report published in Clark University official website, the findings can impact how parents in different cultures support positive development in their adolescents. The study found some forms of support appear to function similarly across cultures but there were differences in the way parents imparted positivity in their children.

克拉克大學官網發佈的一篇報告表示，這些研究結果將影響不同文化的家長支持孩子朝着積極的方向發展。研究發現：有些支持方式似乎在不同的文化中起着相似的作用，但家長給孩子傳遞積極性的方式卻有所不同。

"A parenting approach that allows teens to feel they are being heard has been linked to youth being happier, more self-motivated and more confident," explains Marbell-Pierre, head of guidance and counseling at Ghana International School. "This type of parenting is considered Western in its approach, and there have been questions about its benefit in non-Western, more hierarchical cultures that place greater emphasis on respect for and obedience to elders by children and youth.

“讓青少年感覺自己觀點被聽取的育兒方式或能讓年輕人更健康、更有動力、也更有自信，”加納國際學校的指導和諮詢主任Marbell-Pierre解釋道。“這種育兒方式被認爲是西方的，有人質疑這種方法對於非西方國家、層次更分明的文化來說是否適用，這些國家/文化更加註重年輕人對長輩的尊重和服從。”

The researches were conducted by asking a sample group of 401 adolescents studying in grades seventh and eighth grades from the U.S. and Ghana to fill out questionnaires. According to the study, 245 were from the United States and 156 were from Ghana.

研究執行過程中，研究人員請美國和加納七八年級的401名青少年（樣本組）填寫問卷。研究表示，245人來自美國，156人來自加納。