關於我們最心愛的糖類的10大真相(下)

r Causes Hyperactivity

3.糖會導致多動症

What parent of little ones hasn't heard that eating too much sugar will cause her kids to get too keyed up, or a bit hyper? And it often seems anecdotally true.

有小孩子的父母竟然沒有聽說過吃太多糖會導致孩子們太興奮、精力過旺，這雖然是傳說，但還是有一定道理的。

Watch as kids scarf down candy, cake and soda at a birthday party, then promptly run wild all over the place, screeching and screaming.

我們經常看到小孩子在生日聚會上吞下過多糖果、蛋糕和蘇打飲料，然後立馬在房間裏跑來跑去，還會發出尖叫聲。

But do we ever stop to think that maybe they're just overstimulated by the excitement of the birthday party itself?

看到他們的舉動，我們會覺得是因爲這個聚會太令孩子們激動了？

Or ponder the fact that lots of adults pig out on sugary snacks and desserts with no similar aftereffects?

還是會想一想如果大人吃這麼多的糖果和甜食會不會有這個樣子的反應？

There have been extensive studies about the relationship between sugar and hyperactivity, and no link has been found between the two.

目前有大量關於糖果和多動症之間關係的研究，但還沒有找到兩者之間的關聯。

A group of researchers further reviewed several reputable studies and concluded that sugar in children's diets doesn't affect their behavior, apart from a small subset of kids.

一組研究人員進一步研究了一些著名的實驗，發現孩子們飲食中的糖分並不會影響他們的行爲，一小部分孩子除外。

Interestingly, another study, published in the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, asked mothers of boys whom they thought were "sugar-sensitive" to rate their sons' behavior after they'd had soda.

在《異常兒童心理學期刊》上發表的一個研究中，研究人員選出一批他們認爲對糖分比較“敏感”的孩子，讓孩子們的母親觀察孩子們喝蘇打飲料後的反應。

The mothers of the boys who'd had a sugar-filled soda thought their children's behavior was more hyperactive than the boys who'd been given an artificially sweetened soda.

一組孩子喝加糖蘇打飲料，另一組喝加合成甜味劑蘇打飲料。喝加糖蘇打飲料那一組的母親覺得自己的孩子比另一組的多動。

The trick was that all the kids in the study had been given an artificially sweetened drink, meaning that the behavior was based on perception rather than sugar.

有趣的是，實際上試驗中所有的孩子喝的都是加合成甜味劑的飲料，這份實驗結果說明孩子們的行爲舉止是觀察者的主觀印象，而不是受糖的影響。

r Causes Obesity

2.糖類造成肥胖

A lot of people equate obesity with sugar: candy, ice cream, pastries and the like.

許多人將肥胖與一些糖分畫等號，如糖果，冰激凌，油酥糕點等。

If you're fat, the thinking goes, surely it's because you eat a lot of sugary desserts.

如果你很胖，大家就會想，“啊，沒錯，你這麼愛吃甜品當然胖啊”。

Those a little more versed in nutrition often warn against eating too much starchy food (potatoes, rice, cereal) because your body changes starches into sugar -- and eating sugar piles on the pounds.

稍微精通營養學的人都會避免攝入過多的富含澱粉的食物（土豆，稻米，穀物）因爲身體會將澱粉轉化爲糖——相當於攝入成堆的糖類。

However, this is not true. If it was, people who ate a lot of rice (say, the Japanese) or pasta (the Italians) would be among the world's fattest people.

然而這是不正確的。如果真的是這樣，吃大量稻米的人（比如日本人）或食用大量麪食的人（比如印度人）豈不是世界上最胖的種羣？

But guess what? They're some of the slimmest.

然而，事實是他們幾乎是最瘦的。

Here's the thing. If you eat a lot of sugary foods, like cake and cookies, and drink sugary sodas and juice, you will gain weight.

實際上，如果攝用了大量甜品，如蛋糕、餅乾、含糖蘇打飲料、果汁，確實會長胖。

But that's because you're ingesting a lot of calories, period, not because sugar is inherently fattening.

但那是因爲你短期攝入了太多的卡路里，不是因爲糖本就讓人發胖。

If your overall calorie count is within a healthy range, eating sugar is not going to create love handles or a jelly belly.

如果攝取合理範圍的卡路里總量，吃糖不會導致游泳圈或是小肚腩。

r Causes Diabetes

1.糖會導致糖尿病

One of the more prevalent sugar myths is that it causes diabetes.

關於糖流傳最廣泛的誤會就是糖會導致糖尿病。

This misconception likely occurs because diabetics' blood sugar levels are often out of whack, so they have to watch their sugar intake.

產生這一誤傳是因爲糖尿病患者血糖水平常常紊亂，所以大家就把罪責歸在了糖的攝入。

But in general, there is no direct cause and effect between sugar consumption and the development of diabetes with one exception, which we'll discuss in a minute.

但通常來說，糖攝入量和糖尿病間沒有直接的聯繫——當然也有例外，我們稍後討論。

There are three main types of diabetes:

共有三種常見的糖尿病：

Type 1 diabetes develops if your body's pancreas can't make insulin. Insulin is a hormonethat takes the sugar from the foods we eat and allows it to enter our tissues, where our body can use it as fuel, or energy.

如果人體胰腺不能正常分泌胰島素就會發展成一型糖尿病。胰島素是一種從攝入食物中攝取糖分使其進入人體組織充當燃料或是能量的激素。

If your pancreas is making insulin, but it's not enough or the insulin doesn't work properly, you'll have Type 2 diabetes.

如果胰腺可以正常產生胰島素，但胰島素不足量或是功能異常，可能導致二型糖尿病。

Type 2 diabetes typically occurs in people who are overweight, inactive and eat a diet high in calories from any source, not just sweets.

超重、不愛運動、不僅愛吃甜食，還常攝取各種高熱量食物的人更易患上二型糖尿病。

Some pregnant women develop gestational diabetes when the hormonal changes from pregnancy affect the way their insulin works.

孕期激素的變化影響胰島素正常發揮功能，可能使孕婦患上妊娠糖尿病 。

So what's the exception to the sugar-diabetes linkage?

所以糖與糖尿病之間關係的特例呢？

People who regularly down lots of sugary drinks (sugar-sweetened soda, fruit drinks) are more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes.

經常過量攝入含糖飲料（含糖蘇打水，果汁）的人更有可能患上二型糖尿病。

Of course, many people who guzzle sugary drinks are overweight and eat poorly, two factors that can cause Type 2, but studies show even those who are trim and eat healthily are more likely to develop diabetes if they're also drinking lots of sugary drinks.

當然了，許多狂飲含糖飲料的人都會超重、飲食不均衡。但研究發現即使身材非常苗條、飲食習慣十分健康的人，如果經常大量攝入含糖飲料，患上糖尿病的機率也會極大增加。