特朗普旅行禁令困擾留美學生

Saaedah Shiravany, an Iranian MBA student at a top US business school, says news of President Donald Trump’s executive order banning citizens from seven Muslim-majority countries from entering the US left her feeling “empty”.

美國總統唐納德?特朗普(Donald Trump)下達了一條行政命令，禁止來自七個穆斯林國家的公民進入美國。在一家頂級美國商學院求學的伊朗MBA學生薩達?希拉萬尼（Saaedah Shiravany，化名）表示，這條消息令她感到“空蕩蕩的”。

Ms Shiravany (not her real name) worries that she will be unable to graduate because the ban, covering Iraq, Syria, Libya, Sudan, Yemen and Somalia as well as her homeland, would prevent her from participating in an overseas corporate assignment that is a requirement of her course. She fears that if she were to leave the US for the assignment, she may not be able to re-enter the country to complete her studies.

希拉萬尼擔心她將無法畢業，因爲這條涵蓋伊拉克、敘利亞、利比亞、蘇丹、也門、索馬里以及她的祖國的禁令，可能會令她無法參加課程要求的一次海外企業實踐。她擔心如果她離開美國完成這次實踐，她也許會無法再進入美國完成學業。

“This ban has robbed me of the experience I came here to have,” she says. Leaving the US would mean saying goodbye to completing her MBA next year. Ms Shiravany does not want to give her real name to the Financial Times because she fears that speaking out may affect her employment prospects.

她說：“這一禁令剝奪了我來美國希望獲得的經歷。”離開美國或意味着嚮明年完成MBA學業說再見。由於擔心公開表態也許會影響就業前景，希拉萬尼不願向英國《金融時報》透露真名。

For international business school students caught up in the confusion surrounding the travel ban, the effect has been to throw their studies and employment prospects into doubt. The Trump administration’s ban, announced last month, sought to limit immigration and refugees from the seven Muslim-majority countries. The president’s executive order was halted on Friday after an order to lift the ban was issued by federal judge James Robart. It remains suspended after the US appeals court on Sunday denied a justice department request to reinstate it.

對於陷入這一旅行禁令引發的混亂局面的國際商學院學生來說，該禁令的影響是令他們的學業和就業前景打上了問號。特朗普政府在上個月公佈的這條禁令，試圖限制來自上述七個穆斯林國家的移民和難民。在聯邦法官詹姆斯?羅伯特(James Robart)發出暫停禁令的命令之後，特朗普這一行政命令在上週五暫停實施。週日，美國上訴法庭否決了司法部提出的恢復該禁令的請求，從而令該禁令依然處於凍結狀態。

Sahinaz Safari is a Canadian citizen, studying full-time for an MBA degree at the University of California at Haas School of Business. Because she was born in Iran, she would be included in the travel ban.

薩希娜茲?薩法裏(Sahinaz Safari)是一名加拿大公民，在加州大學(University of California)哈斯商學院(Haas School of Business)攻讀全日制MBA學位。由於出生在伊朗，她會成爲這一旅行禁令的目標。

Ms Safari has cancelled a trip to Berlin next month, where she was due to attend the MBA World Summit, a conference for 100 business school students selected from more than 3,000 applications. Like Ms Shiravany, she fears being barred from the US on her return if the ban goes ahead. Ms Safari says the fact of her birthplace could derail her US internship plans. She may also face problems changing her student visa into a work permit to restart her career in the US after graduation.

薩法裏已取消了下個月去柏林的行程。她原本定於在那裏參加MBA世界峯會(MBA World Summit)。參加這次會議的100名商學院學生，是從逾3000份申請中挑選出來的。與希拉萬尼一樣，她害怕一旦該禁令繼續實施下去，返程時會被擋在美國之外。薩法裏表示，她的出生地是伊朗的事實，可能會毀了她在美國的實習計劃。而在畢業後將學生簽證換爲工作許可、在美國重啓職業生涯時，她可能還會面臨問題。

“I will stay here, like a prisoner, for another year and a half and then I’m forced out,” she says. “Where is the logic?”

“我會像個囚犯似的在這裏再呆一年半，接着就不得不離開。”她說，“這到底是何道理？”

Few people working and studying at US business schools would be likely to be affected by the ban if it were to be implemented, according to FT data. Just 0.4 per cent — 18 students — of all overseas MBA students at the 80 US business schools covered by the FT’s annual ranking survey hold passports from the seven countries named in Mr Trump’s executive order.

根據英國《金融時報》的數據，若實施該禁令，在美國商學院工作和學習的人羣中，受其影響的很可能只有極少數。在英國《金融時報》年度排名調查所涵蓋的80所美國商學院裏，所有海外MBA學生中只有18名學生持有特朗普行政禁令提到的七個國家的護照，所佔比例只有0.4%。

Almost all of those have passports from Iran. In the case of faculty, all 50 in the FT survey with passports subject to the ban are Iranian.

這些人中幾乎所有人都持有伊朗護照。至於教員的情況，英國《金融時報》調查涵蓋的持有受禁令影響護照的50個人都是伊朗人。

The longer-term problem for US business schools is reputational damage, as the possibility of a travel ban creates uncertainty for prospective students and faculty. Schools have been quick to show support for students affected by the executive order, with demonstrations last week at campuses from Stanford University in Silicon Valley to New England’s Yale School of Management.

對美國商學院來說，由此產生的較長期問題是聲譽上受到的損害，因爲實施旅行禁令的可能性爲未來的學生和教師帶來了不確定性。各商學院已迅速行動起來，宣示對受該政令影響的學生的支持。上週，在從硅谷的斯坦福大學(Stanford University)到新英格蘭地區的耶魯管理學院(Yale School of Management)的各大校園，都出現了示威活動。

Nitin Nohria, dean of faculty at Harvard Business School, was among several school heads expressing solidarity with those excluded, sending an email to staff and students expressing deep concern about a “new order” in the White House.

包括哈佛商學院(Harvard Business School)院長尼廷?諾里亞(Nitin Nohria)在內的多個商學院負責人，表達了與被排除的人們團結一致的立場。諾里亞教授向學院的員工和學生髮出了一封電子郵件，對白宮的“新政令”深表關切。

Prof Nohria, a first-generation immigrant to the US from India, added that the travel ban created “anxiety and confusion” among students, including upset that family members may no longer be able to attend graduation events as well as uncertainty over career goals.

諾里亞教授是從印度來美國的第一代移民。他在郵件中還表示，這一旅行禁令在學生中產生了“焦慮和迷茫”，包括擔心家庭成員不能再參加畢業典禮，還有對職業生涯目標感到不確定。

Of 542 full-time MBA students at Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business, one has been identified as a dual citizen of one of the seven named countries. However, Rohan Williamson, the interim dean, says the travel ban sent a negative message to all students arriving to study from outside the US — 30 per cent of the MBA class.

在喬治敦大學(Georgetown University)麥克多諾商學院(McDonough School of Business) 542名全日制MBA學生中，有一人被發現擁有的雙重國籍中包括了所列七個國家之一。不過，學院代理院長羅恩?威廉森(Rohan Williamson)表示，該旅行禁令向所有來自美國以外的求學學生傳遞了負面信號，而這些學生佔MBA學生的30%。

Most students from the banned countries who are enrolled in courses in the US are on masters or doctoral level programmes, according to figures compiled by Rahul Choudaha, co-founder of InterEdge, which provides support to overseas students seeking US work visas. However, of 12,269 Iranian students enrolled at US universities last year, Mr Choudaha’s team found that less than 5 per cent were working on degrees in business or management.

根據由拉胡爾?喬達哈(Rahul Choudaha)編制的數據，多數來自被封殺國家、在美國註冊課程的學生，參加的都是碩士或博士水平的課程。拉胡爾?喬達哈是InterEdge的聯合創始人，這是一家爲尋求美國工作簽證的海外學生提供支持的公司。不過，喬達哈的團隊發現，去年在美國大學登記的12269名伊朗學生中，攻讀商學或管理學位的比例不到5%。

The absolute numbers matter less than the negative message, says Bhavik Trivedi, managing partner of Critical Square, an adviser for MBA applicants.

Critical Square管理合夥人巴維克?特里維迪(Bhavik Trivedi)表示，與所釋放的負面信號相比，受影響人羣的絕對數目沒那麼重要。Critical Square是一家爲MBA的申請者服務的諮詢機構。

“The leaning of the country is concerning,” he says. “What does this say about the US, its ecosystem and its people?”

“美國的傾向令人擔憂。”他說，“關於美國、美國的生態系統以及美國人民，這一禁令會傳出什麼信號？”