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經濟報告 6月中國製造業繼續收縮

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A brand new natural gas pipeline operated by China National Petroleum Corpin the southwestern province of Yunnan has sprung a leak, raising worries again about the safety of the nation’s vast network of oil and gas pipes.

中國石油天然氣集團公司(CNPC)在中國西南部雲南省運營的一條全新天然氣管道發生泄漏,再度令人擔心中國龐大的油氣管道網絡的安全性。

China is rapidly expanding its gas supply to cities and industry as part of a shift away from its reliance on coal as a fuel. The equally rapid expansion of sprawling cities into former industrial zones combined with lack of co-ordination among oil groups and local government bureaux raises the risk of a dangerous breach.

中國正在快速擴建面向城市和工業的天然氣供應基礎設施,以減輕對煤炭作爲一種燃料的依賴。同時,城市也以同樣的高速度擴張,進入昔日的工業區,加上石油集團與地方政府部門之間缺乏統籌,這些因素加大了出現險情的風險。

經濟報告 6月中國製造業繼續收縮

The nation is in the first year of a three-year campaign to improve pipeline safety after a November 2013 leak in a crude pipeline operated by fellow oil group Sinopec in the coastal city of Qingdao caused an explosion that ripped through residential streets and killed more than 60 people.

2013年11月,另一家石油集團中石化(Sinopec)在海濱城市青島運營的一條原油管道發生泄漏,造成一次爆燃事故,導致居民區街道被撕裂,60多人喪生。那次事故發生後,中國啓動了提高管道安全性的三年行動,今年是這一行動的第一年。

The Qingdao explosion prompted a year-long review of the national pipeline network. The top problem identified was rampant construction above buried pipelines. Other issues included construction closer than legally permitted, and pipeline corrosion.

青島爆燃事故引發了持續一年的全國管網評估。在評估中確定的最大問題是在埋設的管道之上大肆修建建築。其他問題包括隔離距離不到法律規定的最低限度,以及管道腐蝕。

A spur of CNPC’s gas pipeline in Yunnan, which carries gas from Myanmar, began commercial operations earlier in June. On Tuesday it began leaking gas near a highway tunnel about 30km from the city of Kunming after being damaged by an excavator.

中石油在雲南運營的輸氣管道輸送來自緬甸的天然氣。這條管道的一條支線在6月上旬投入運行。週二,這條支線管道在被挖掘機破壞後發生泄漏,事發地點距離昆明約30公里,靠近一個高速公路隧道。

The leak was caused by “a third party”, the official People’s Daily reported, without elaborating. The local government said repairs were under way but referred all questions to CNPC. The CNPC bureau responsible for the pipeline declined to comment by telephone.

據官方的《人民日報》報道,泄漏是由“第三方”引起的,該報沒有詳細說明原因。當地政府表示,搶修工作正在進行中,但要求記者向中石油查詢。負責該管道的中石油旗下部門則拒絕在電話中置評。

Wang Yutai, vice-director of safety at Sinopec, said theft of oil and gas from pipelines — which could lead to drops in pressure and potentially dangerous breaches — has been sharply reduced by stronger enforcement.

中石化安全監管局副局長王玉臺介紹說,從管道偷竊石油和天然氣的行爲,可能導致管道內壓力下降,潛在釀成險情;但加強執法已大幅減少了此類行爲。

Inadvertent breaches by construction or road-building crews remains a concern. A construction company’s drilling caused a crude pipe explosion that tore up an intersection in the industrial city of Jinzhou near Dalian a year ago.

建築或路橋建設工程隊在無意中損壞管道仍令人擔憂。在鄰近大連的工業城市錦州,一年前一家建築公司的鑽孔作業造成原油管道爆炸,撕裂了一個十字路口。

Thornier issues include past leaks that have poisoned the soil around ageing and corroded pipelines, refineries and petrochemical plants. CNPC in March agreed to pay Rmb100m ($16m) to the inland city of Lanzhou to compensate for benzene leaks that contaminated the Yellow river as well as the city’s drinking water supply.

更棘手的問題包括,過去發生的泄漏毒化了老化和腐蝕的管道、煉油廠和石化廠周圍的土壤。今年3月,中石油同意向內陸城市蘭州支付1億元人民幣(合1600萬美元),以賠償對黃河乃至該市的飲用水造成污染的苯泄漏事故。

Additional reporting by Owen Guo

郭晨(Owen Guo)補充報道

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