城市化催生就業機會 Urbanization opening new doors for grads

The Central Economic Work Conference, held on Dec 15 and 16, set the tone for economic policies in 2013. According to a conference statement, urbanization is high on the government’s agenda.

於去年12月15-16日舉行的中央經濟工作會議爲2013年經濟政策奠定基調。本次會議發表申明稱，政府將城市化列爲首要工作之一。

According to Xinhua, China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. The trend is expected to boost the job prospects of young people in the country.

據新華社報道，中國城市化將會充分釋放潛在內需。這一趨勢有望提升國內年輕人的就業前景。

“Urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people, and provide individuals with more job opportunities,” said Peng Wensheng, chief economist at China International Capital Corporation.

中國國際金融公司首席經濟學家彭文生表示：“在中國幾乎所有的發展中城市都面臨着城市化的進程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高，也爲人們提供更多的就業機會。”

Here we list some promising industries to watch under the new urbanization trend.

這裏我們列出了一些在城市化趨勢下前景樂觀的行業:

Real estate & architecture

房地產及建築業

The construction of housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development as more people migrate to cities.

隨着越來越多的人向城市遷徙，住房及城市基礎設施建設，包括水源等能源的供應將會成爲城市發展的焦點問題。

“The urbanization level in China is only about 50 percent. We are short of designers and engineers in the booming city construction industry, so career prospects in real estate, urban planning and architecture are great,” said Huo Ke, dean of architecture in the College of Resources and Civil Engineering at Northeastern University.

來自東北大學資源與土木工程學院建築系的霍克（音譯）主任表示：“中國的城市化水平只有50%左右。新興城市的建築行業繼續設計師以及工程師，因此房地產，城市規劃以及建築行業的職業發展前景十分可觀。”

This talent shortage has made urban planning and architecture one of the most high-paying majors for university graduates.

人才缺口使得城市規劃和建築成爲大學畢業生收入最高的專業之一。

But high rewards come at a price. Being an urban architect is a tough job that requires effective cooperation with co-workers in extremely demanding conditions.

但是一分耕耘一分收穫。城市建築師是份苦差事，需要你和同事們在極端苛刻的條件下實現高效合作。

Ni Jun, 28, is a construction designer for China Construction First Building (Group) Corporation Limited. “I often stay on construction sites for two or three months. I have to climb 20 floors to check every detail,” he said. “In the summer I need to supervise workers directly under the hot sun.”

28歲的倪俊（音譯）是來自中國建築一局(集團)有限公司的一名建築設計師，他表示：“我經常在建築工地上待上兩三個月，我必須爬二十層樓去檢查每一個細節。夏天，我要頂着烈日監工。”

Public transportation

公共交通

Public transportation is among the industries that will benefit most from urbanization. Engineers and designers in this field will play a big role.

公共交通是城市化進程中受益最大的行業之一。這一領域的工程師和設計師發揮着重要作用。

“Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation,” said Peng.

彭文生表示：“城市化意味着可以更好地獲取城市中的教育及醫療資源，但也有預測表示，私家車使用率將下降，人們更多地選擇公共交通出行。”

The mass construction of subways, bridges and highways is already on its way in major cities. Last month, four new subway lines came into operation in Beijing.

在國內的主要城市中，大規模的地鐵、橋樑以及高速公路建設已經破土動工。上個月，北京開通了四條新地鐵線路。

“More cities are launching subway projects, which means we will have more contracts. We are crying out for more hands,” said Ma Tianyu, 31, an engineer with a German company that contributed to Beijing’s new subway lines.

31歲的馬天宇（音譯）在一家德國公司任工程師，他的公司參與了北京新地鐵線的施工。馬天宇說：“啓動地鐵項目的城市越來越多，這意味着我們將會簽下更多的合同，我們求才若渴。”

Supply chains & retail

供應鏈以及零售業

The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Expanding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.

商品與服務的自由、快速流通是城市化社會的一項基本特徵。逐漸擴張的城市需要更多的零售店來滿足消費者的需求。

Gao Shuang, 28, is a design manager at China Resources Vanguard Co Ltd in Shenzhen, which provides products and services to supermarkets. He said the number of staff in his department expanded from four to ten in the past year. The manager is still recruiting.

28歲的高雙（音譯）是深圳華潤萬家有限公司的設計經理。華潤萬家主要爲超市提供產品和服務。他表示過去一年中自己部門的人手從四個人增加到十個人，而他仍在招聘人才中。

“In the past eight years we opened 30 high-end supermarkets in China,” said Gao. “In the next four years we plan to open another 50.”

高雙表示：“在過去的八年裏，我們在中國開設了30家高端超市，在接下來的4年裏我們計劃再開50家。”

There are also other expanding areas, such as the environmental sector. Pollution is an issue plaguing many urbanized areas.

還有一些領域也在不斷擴張，比如環境保護。污染問題成爲許多城市化地區的一塊心病。

“Under these circumstances, environmental protection will be promising. The country needs to boost sustainable growth,” said Li Peilin, director of the sociological research center of the Chinese Social Sciences Academy.

中國社科院社會學研究所所長李培林表示：“在這種情況下，環保行業前景可觀。中國需要推動可持續發展。”