美中在三沙建市問題上發生爭執
China and the US stepped up their war of words over territorial disputes in the South China Sea at the weekend, with the Chinese foreign ministry calling in a senior US diplomat to protest about remarks by the US state department.
中國和美國在南中國海領土糾紛問題上的口水戰週末升級。中國外交部召見一名美國高級外交官，抗議美國國務院此前發表的言論。China last month shocked its neighbours by establishing a new military garrison in the South China Sea. The US state department on Friday said the move risked raising tensions "counter to collaborative diplomatic efforts to resolve differences".
中國上月在南海組建一個新的警備區之舉，震驚鄰國。美國國務院上週五表示，此舉帶有加劇緊張的風險，"與通過協調外交努力解決分歧的做法相牴觸"。Beijing responded at the weekend by saying it had summoned Robert Wang, US charge d'affaires, to express a "stern message" about Washington's comments.
北京方面在週末做出迴應，宣佈緊急召見美國駐華使館臨時代辦王曉岷(Robert Wang)，對美方的言論提出"嚴正交涉"。
Zhang Kunsheng, assistant foreign minister, said the US had "sent a seriously wrong signal and did not help with efforts by relevant parties to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea or the Asia Pacific".
中國外交部部長助理張昆生表示，美國"發出了嚴重錯誤信號，無助於有關各方維護南海乃至亞太地區和平穩定的努力"。Tensions over the South China Sea have risen another notch since China established a new administrative district as well as a new military garrison covering the disputed territory last month.
自中國上月設立一個覆蓋有爭議領土的新的行政區以及新的警備區以來，南海緊張局勢進一步加劇。Sansha, the name of the district and garrison, is a reference to the Chinese names of the Spratly and Paracel archipelagos and the Macclesfield Bank. The new military garrison is part of the existing Guangzhou Military Command and is located on an island in the Paracels where the People's Liberation Army already had a presence.
這一行政區和警備區的名稱都是"三沙"，其出處是南沙羣島(Spratly Islands)、西沙羣島(Paracel Islands)以及中沙羣島(Macclesfield Bank)的中文名稱。新的警備區隸屬現有的廣州軍區，位於已有解放軍駐紮的西沙永興島。Beijing has not announced the transfer of any new troops or equipment to the area, but the military has not clarified the purpose and actual assets of the new garrison.
北京方面尚未宣佈派遣新的部隊或裝備進駐該警備區，但中國軍方並未澄清該警備區的目的和實力。China claims sovereignty over groups of islands which are also claimed in entirety or in part by Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia. Tensions have been high in recent months after incidents involving China and the Philippines, as well as Vietnam.
中國宣稱對南海多個羣島擁有主權，而越南、臺灣、菲律賓、文萊和馬來西亞也宣稱擁有這些島嶼的部分或全部主權。在中國與菲律賓和越南分別發生對峙事件後，近幾個月緊張程度一直處於高位。The disputes have become a focus of international interest, given that as much as half of global ship-borne trade by volume passes through the South China Sea. The stakes have risen in the area as the US military shifts its attention back to Asia, emboldening its long-time ally the Philippines and former foe Vietnam to defend their interests in the region more aggressively. The US is pressuring all those involved to resolve the disputes through regional rather than bilateral negotiations.
鑑於全球多達一半的海上貿易（按量計算）通過南海，這些糾紛已成爲國際關注焦點。近期該地區的利害關係有所加大；美軍將戰略重點轉回亞洲之舉，給長期盟友菲律賓和昔日仇敵越南壯了膽，使它們敢於以更加強悍的方式維護自己在南海的權益。美國正對各方施壓，敦促他們通過地區性的多邊談判（而非雙邊談判）解決糾紛。On Friday, Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Qin Gang also issued a separate statement in response to the US comments, which repeated China's contention that it has absolute sovereignty over the sea and the islands in question, and the right to set up a city to administer the region.
上週五，中國外交部發言人秦剛針對美方的言論發表了另一份聲明，重申了中國的主張，即中國擁有相關海域及島嶼的絕對主權，有權設立一個城市對該地區進行行政管轄。"Why does the US turn a blind eye to the facts that certain countries opened a number of oil and gas blocks, and issued domestic laws illegally appropriating Chinese islands and waters?" Mr Qin said. "Why does the US avoid talking about the threats of military vessels to Chinese fishermen by certain countries and their unjustified claims of sovereignty rights over Chinese islands?"
"美國爲什麼對有的國家在南海劃出大批油氣區塊、出臺將中國的島礁和海域劃爲己有的國內立法視而不見，"秦剛表示。"爲什麼對有的國家出動軍艦威脅中國漁民，對無爭議的中國島礁無理提出主權要求避而不談？"Jia Qingguo, deputy dean of the School of International Studies at Peking University, said the US statement showed "partiality" by blaming only China "since the South China Sea issue involves not only China but also other parties". The statement would not help resolve the disputes, he said.
北京大學國際關係學院(School of International Studies at Peking University)副院長賈慶國表示，美國的聲明只指責中國，顯示出"偏袒"，"因爲南海問題不僅涉及中國，還有其它方面"。他表示，這份聲明無助於解決糾紛。Separately on Sunday, Ma Ying-jeou, Taiwan's president, said countries fighting over the Diaoyu islands – which China and Taiwan both claim but are administered by Japan who call them the Senkaku – should negotiate a peaceful settlement that would allow co-operation in developing the area's maritime resources.
此外，臺灣總統馬英九(Ma Ying-jeou)週日表示，圍繞釣魚島爭執不下的各國，應當通過談判找到和平出路，爲合作開發該地區海洋資源創造條件。中國大陸和臺灣都宣稱擁有釣魚島主權，但這些島嶼目前在日本管轄之下，日本稱其爲尖閣諸島。Taiwan says the islands were ceded to it after the second world war by Japan, which used to occupy much of the land now known as Taiwan.
臺灣表示，這些海島是二戰結束後日本讓與它的。在那之前日本佔據着目前被稱爲臺灣的大部分土地。Speaking at the 60th anniversary of the postwar peace treaty struck by Taiwan and Japan, Mr Ma said Taiwan would advocate a settlement for the area near the islands that resembles the compromise struck in the North Sea, where multiple European nations drill for oil.
馬英九是在《中日和約》60週年紀念活動上發表講話的。他表示，臺灣針對釣魚島及周圍海域提出"東海和平倡議"，呼籲相關各方達成和解，類似於爲多個歐洲國家在北海鑽探石油鋪平道路的妥協方案。
