世紀文學經典:《百年孤獨》第1章Part 2

In March the gypsies returned. This time they brought a telescope and a magnifying glass the size of a drum, which they exhibited as the latest discovery of the Jews of Amsterdam. They placed a gypsy woman at one end of the village and set up the telescope at the entrance to the tent. For the price of five reales, people could look into the telescope and see the gypsy woman an arm's length away. "Science has eliminated distance," Melquíades proclaimed. "In a short time, man will be able to see what is happening in any place in the world without leaving his own house." A burning noonday sun brought out a startling demonstration with the gigantic magnifying glass: they put a pile of dry hay in the middle of the street and set it on fire by concentrating the sun's rays. José Arcadio Buendía, who had still not been consoled for the failure of big magnets, conceived the idea of using that invention as a weapon of war. Again Melquíades tried to dissuade him, but he finally accepted the two magnetized ingots andthree colonial coins in exchange for the magnifying glass. rsula wept in consternation. That money was from a chest of gold coins that her father had put together ova an entire life of privation and that she had buried underneath her bed in hopes of a proper occasion to make use of it. José Arcadio Buendía made no at. tempt to console her, completely absorbed in his tactical experiments with the abnegation of a scientist and even at the risk of his own life. In an attempt to show the effects of the glass on enemy troops, he exposed himself to the concentration of the sun's rays and suffered burns which turned into sores that took a long time to heal. Over the protests of his wife, who was alarmed at such a dangerous invention, at one point he was ready to set the house on fire. He would spend hours on end in his room, calculating the strategic possibilities of his novel weapon until he succeeded in putting together a manual of startling instructional clarity and an irresistible power of conviction. He sentit to the government, accompanied by numerous descriptions of his experiments and several pages of explanatory sketches;

by a messenger who crossed the mountains, got lost in measureless swamps, forded stormy rivers, and was on the point of perishing under the lash of despair, plague, and wild beasts until he found a route that joined the one used by the mules that carried the mail. In spite of the fact that a trip to the capital was little less than impossible at that time, José Arcadio Buendía promised to undertake it as soon as the government ordered him to so that he could put on some practical demonstrations of his invention for the military authorities and could train them himself in the complicated art of solar war. For several years he waited for an answer. Finally, tired of waiting, he bemoaned to Melquíades the failure of his project and the gypsy then gave him a convincing proof of his honesty: he gave him back the doubloons in exchange for the magnifying glass, and he left him in addition some Portuguese maps and several instruments of navigation. In his own handwriting he set down a concise synthesis of the studies by Monk Hermann. which he left José Arcadio so that he would be able to make use of the astrolabe, the compass, and the sextant. José Arcadio Buendía spent the long months of the rainy season shut up in a small room that he had built in the rear of the house so that no one would disturb his experiments. Having completely abandoned his domestic obligations, he spent entire nights in the courtyard watching the course of the stars and he almost contracted sunstroke from trying to establish an exact method to ascertain noon. When he became an expert in the use and manipulation of his instruments, he conceived a notion of space that allowed him to navigate across unknown seas, to visit uninhabited territories, and to establish relations with splendid beings without having to leave his study. That was the period in which he acquired the habit of talking to himself, of walking through the house without paying attention to anyone, as rsula and the children broke their backs in the garden, growing banana and caladium, cassava and yams, ahuyama roots and eggplants. Suddenly, without warning, his feverish activity was interrupted and was replaced by a kind of fascination. He spent several days as if he were bewitched, softly repeating to himself a string of fearful conjectures without giving credit to his own understanding. Finally, one Tuesday in December, at lunchtime, all at once he released the whole weight of his torment. The children would remember for the rest of their lives the august solemnity with which their father, devastated by his prolonged vigil and by the wrath of his imagination, revealed his discovery to them:
"The earth is round, like an orange."
rsula lost her patience. "If you have to go crazy, please go crazy all by yourself!" she shouted. "But don't try to put your gypsy ideas into the heads of the children." José Arcadio Buendía, impassive, did not let himself be frightened by the desperation of his wife, who, in a seizure of rage, mashed the astrolabe against the floor. He built another one, he gathered the men of the village in his little room, and he demonstrated to them, with theories that none of them could understand, the possibility of returning to where one had set out by consistently sailing east. The whole village was convinced that José Arcadio Buendía had lost his reason, when Melquíades returned to set things straight. He gave public praise to the intelligence of a man who from pure astronomical speculation had evolved a theory that had already been proved in practice, although unknown in Macondo until then, and as a proof of his admiration he made him a gift that was to have a profound influence on the future of the village: the laboratory of an alchemist.
By then Melquíades had aged with surprising rapidity. On his first trips he seemed to be the same age as José Arcadio Buendía. But while the latter had preserved his extraordinary strength, which permitted him to pull down a horse by grabbing its ears, the gypsy seemed to have been worn dowse by some tenacious illness. It was, in reality, the result of multiple and rare diseases contracted on his innumerable trips around the world. According to what he himself said as he spoke to José Arcadio Buendía while helping him set up the laboratory, death followed him everywhere, sniffing at the cuffs of his pants, but never deciding to give him the final clutch of its claws. He was a fugitive from all the plagues and catastrophes that had ever lashed mankind. He had survived pellagra in Persia, scurvy in the Malayan archipelago, leprosy in Alexandria, beriberi in Japan, bubonic plague in Madagascar, an earthquake in Sicily, and a disastrous shipwreck in the Strait of Magellan. That prodigious creature, said to possess the keys of Nostradamus, was a gloomy man, enveloped in a sad aura, with an Asiatic look that seemed to know what there was on the other side of things. He wore a large black hat that looked like a raven with widespread wings, and a velvet vest across which the patina of the centuries had skated. But in spite of his immense wisdom and his mysterious breadth, he had a human burden, an earthly condition that kept him involved in the small problems of daily life. He would complain of the ailments of old age, he suffered from the most insignificant economic difficulties, and he had stopped laughing a long time back because scurvy had made his teeth drop out. On that suffocating noontime when the gypsy revealed his secrets, José Arcadio Buendía had the certainty that it was the beginning of a great friendship. The children were startled by his fantastic stories. Aureliano, who could not have been more than five at the time, would remember him for the rest of his life as he saw him that afternoon, sittingagainst the metallic and quivering light from the window, lighting up with his deep organ voice the darkest reaches of the imagination, while down over his temples there flowed the grease that was being melted by the heat. José Arcadio, his older brother, would pass on that wonderful image as a hereditary memory to all of his descendants. ursula on the other hand, held a bad memory of that visit, for she had entered the room just as Melquíades had carelessly broken a flask of bichloride of mercury.

三月間，吉卜賽人又來了。現在他們帶來的是一架望遠鏡和一隻大小似鼓的放大鏡，說是阿姆斯特丹猶太人的最新發明。他們把望遠鏡安在帳篷門口，而讓一個吉卜賽女人站在村子盡頭。花五個里亞爾，任何人都可從望遠鏡裏看見那個彷彿近在颶尺的吉卜賽女人。“科學縮短了距離。”梅爾加德斯說。“在短時期內，人們足不出戶，就可看到世界上任何地方發生的事兒。”在一個炎熱的晌午，吉卜賽人用放大鏡作了一次驚人的表演：他們在街道中間放了一堆乾草，借太陽光的焦點讓乾草燃了起來。磁鐵的試驗失敗之後，霍·阿·布恩蒂亞還不甘心，馬上又產生了利用這個發明作爲作戰武器的念頭。梅爾加德斯又想勸阻他，但他終於同意用兩塊磁鐵和三枚殖民地時期的金幣交換放大鏡。烏蘇娜傷心得流了淚。這些錢是從一盒金魚衛拿出來的，那盒金幣由她父親一生節衣縮食積攢下來，她一直把它埋藏在自個兒牀下，想在適當的時刻使用。霍·阿·布恩蒂亞無心撫慰妻子，他以科學家的忘我精神，甚至冒着生命危險，一頭扎進了作戰試驗。他想證明用放大鏡對付敵軍的效力，就力陽光的焦點射到自己身上，因此受到灼傷，傷處潰爛，很久都沒痊癒。這種危險的發明把他的妻子嚇壞了，但他不顧妻子的反對，有一次甚至準備點燃自己的房子。霍·阿·布恩蒂亞待在自己的房間裏總是一連幾個小時，計算新式武器的戰略威力，甚至編寫了一份使用這種武器的《指南》，闡述異常清楚，論據確鑿有力。他把這份《指南》連同許多試驗說明和幾幅圖解，請一個信使送給政府；
這個信使翻過山嶺，涉過茫茫蒼蒼的沼地，遊過洶涌澎湃的河流，冒着死於野獸和疫病的危階，終於到了一條驛道。當時前往首都儘管是不大可能的，霍·阿·布恩蒂亞還是答應，只要政府一聲令下，他就去向軍事長官們實際表演他的發明，甚至親自訓練他們掌握太陽戰的複雜技術。他等待答覆等了幾年。最後等得厭煩了，他就爲這新的失敗埋怨梅爾加德斯，於是吉卜賽人令人信服地證明了自己的誠實：他歸還了金幣，換回了放大鏡，並且給了霍·阿·布恩蒂亞幾幅葡萄牙航海圖和各種航海儀器。梅爾加德斯親手記下了修道士赫爾曼著作的簡要說明，把記錄留給霍·阿·布恩蒂亞，讓他知道如何使用觀象儀、羅盤和六分儀。在雨季的漫長月份裏，霍·阿·布恩蒂亞部把自己關在宅子深處的小房間裏，不讓別人打擾他的試驗。他完全拋棄了家務，整夜整夜呆在院子裏觀察星星的運行；爲了找到子午線的確定方法，他差點兒中了暑。他完全掌握了自己的儀器以後，就設想出了空間的概念，今後，他不走出自己的房間，就能在陌生的海洋上航行，考察荒無人煙的土地，並且跟珍禽異獸打上交道了。正是從這個時候起，他養成了自言自語的習慣，在屋子裏踱來踱去，對誰也不答理，而烏蘇娜和孩子們卻在菜園裏忙得喘不過氣來，照料香蕉和海芋、木薯和山藥、南瓜和茄子。可是不久，霍·阿·布恩蒂亞緊張的工作突然停輟，他陷入一種種魄顛倒的狀態。好幾天，他彷彿中了魔，總是低聲地嘟嚷什麼，併爲自己反覆斟酌的各種假設感到吃驚，自己都不相信。最後，在十二月裏的一個星期、吃午飯的時候，他忽然一下子擺脫了惱人的疑慮。孩子們至死部記得，由於長期熬夜和冥思苦想而變得精疲力竭的父親，如何洋洋得意地向他們宣佈自己的發現：
“地球是圓的，象橙子。”
烏蘇娜失去了耐心，“如果你想發癲，你就自個幾發吧！”她嚷叫起來，“別給孩子們的腦瓜裏灌輸古卜賽人的胡思亂想。”霍·阿·布恩蒂亞一動不動，妻子氣得把觀象儀摔到地上，也沒有嚇倒他。他另做了一個觀象儀，並且把村裏的一些男人召到自己的小房間裏，根據在場的人椎也不明白的理論，向他們證明說，如果一直往東航行，就能回到出發的地點。馬孔多的人以爲霍·阿·布恩蒂亞瘋了，可兄梅爾加德斯回來之後，馬上消除了大家的疑慮。他大聲地讚揚霍·阿·布恩蒂亞的智慧：光靠現象儀的探測就證實了一種理論，這種理論雖是馬孔多的居民宜今還不知道的，但實際上早就證實了；梅爾加德斯爲了表示欽佩，贈給霍·阿·布恩蒂亞一套東西——鍊金試驗室設備，這對全村的未來將會產生深遠的影響。
這時，梅爾加德斯很快就衰老了。這個吉卜賽人第一次來到村裏的時候，彷彿跟霍·阿·布思蒂亞同樣年歲。可他當時仍有非凡的力氣，揪莊馬耳朵就能把馬拉倒，現在他卻好象被一些頑固的疾病折磨壞了。確實，他衰老的原因是他在世界各地不斷流浪時得過各種罕見的疾病，幫助霍·阿·布恩蒂亞裝備試驗室的時候，他說死神到處都緊緊地跟着他，可是死神仍然沒有最終決定要他的命。從人類遇到的各種瘟疫和災難中，他倖存下來了。他在波斯患過癩病，在馬來亞羣島患過壞血病，在亞歷山大患過麻瘋病，在日本患過腳氣病，在馬達加斯加患過淋巴腺鼠疫，在西西里碰到過地震，在麥哲倫海峽遇到過犧牲慘重的輪船失事。這個不尋常的人說他知道納斯特拉馬斯的祕訣。此人面貌陰沉，落落寡歡，戴着一頂大帽子，寬寬的黑色帽沿宛如烏鴉張開的翅膀，而他身上的絲絨坎肩卻佈滿了多年的綠黴。然而，儘管他無比聰明和神祕莫測，他終歸是有血打肉的人，擺脫不了人世間日常生活的煩惱和憂慮。他抱怨年老多病，苦於微不足道的經濟困難，早就沒有笑容，因爲壞血病已使他的牙齒掉光了。霍·阿·布恩蒂亞認爲，正是那個悶熱的晌午，梅爾加德斯把白己的祕密告訴他的時候，他們的偉大友誼纔開了頭。吉卜賽人的神奇故事使得孩子們感到驚訝。當時不過五歲的奧雷連諾一輩子都記得，梅爾加德斯坐在明晃晃的窗子跟前，身體的輪廓十分清晰；他那風琴一般低沉的聲音透進了最暗的幻想的角落，而他的兩鬢卻流着汗水，彷彿暑熱熔化了的脂肪。奧雷連諾的哥哥霍·阿卡蒂奧，將把這個驚人的形象當作留下的回憶傳給他所有的後代。至於烏蘇娜，恰恰相反，吉卜賽人的來訪給她留下了最不愉快的印象，因爲她跨進房間的時候，正巧梅爾加德斯不小心打碎了一瓶昇汞。