雙語閱讀：說花園英語美文閱讀

以下是本站小編整理的哲理類英語美文欣賞：說花園， 希望對你有所感觸。

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GOD Almighty first planted a garden. And indeed it is the purest of human pleasures. It is thegreatest refreshment to the spirits of man; without which, buildings and palaces are but grosshandiworks; and a man shall ever see, that when ages grow to civility and elegancy, men cometo build stately sooner than to garden finely; as if gardening were the greater perfection. I dohold it, in the royal ordering of gardens, there ought to be gardens, for all the months in theyear; in which severally things of beauty may be then in season. For December, and January,and the latter part of November, you must take such things as are green all winter: holly; ivy;bays; juniper; cypress-trees; yew; pine-apple-trees; fir-trees; rosemary; lavender; periwinkle,the white, the purple, and the blue; germander; flags; orangetrees; lemon-trees; and myrtles, ifthey be stoved; and sweet marjoram, warm set. There followeth, for the latter part of Januaryand February, the mezereon-tree, which then blossoms; crocus vernus, both the yellow and thegrey; primroses, anemones; the early tulippa; hyacinthus orientalis; chamairis; fritellaria. ForMarch, there come violets, specially the single blue, which are the earliest; the yellow daffodil;the daisy; the almond-tree in blossom; the peach-tree in blossom; the cornelian-tree inblossom; sweet-briar. In April follow the double white violet; the wallflower; the stock-gilliflower; the cowslip; flowerdelices, and lilies of all natures; rosemary-flowers; the tulippa; thedouble peony; the pale daffodil; the French honeysuckle; the cherry-tree in blossom; thedamson and plum-trees in blossom; the white thorn in leaf; the lilac-tree. In May and Junecome pinks of all sorts, specially the blushpink; roses of all kinds, except the musk, whichcomes later; honeysuckles; strawberries; bugloss; columbine; the French marigold, flosAfricanus; cherry-tree in fruit; ribes; figs in fruit; rasps; vineflowers; lavender in flowers; thesweet satyrian, with the white flower; herba muscaria; lilium convallium; the apple-tree inblossom. In July come gilliflowers of all varieties; musk-roses; the lime-tree in blossom; earlypears and plums in fruit; jennetings, codlins. In August come plums of all sorts in fruit; pears;apricocks; berberries; filberds; musk-melons; monks-hoods, of all colors. In September comegrapes; apples; poppies of all colors; peaches; melocotones; nectarines; cornelians; wardens;quinces. In October and the beginning of November come services; medlars; bullaces; roses cutor removed to come late; hollyhocks; and such like. These particulars are for the climate ofLondon; but my meaning is perceived, that you may have ver perpetuum, as the place affords.

萬能的上帝是頭一個經營花園者。園藝之事也的確是人生樂趣中之最純潔者。它是人類精神底最大的補養品，若沒有它則房舍宮邸都不過是粗糙的人造品，與自然無關。再者我們常可以見到當某些時代進於文明風雅的時候，人們多是先想到堂皇的建築而後想到精美的園亭;好象園藝是較大的一種完美似的。我以爲在皇家花園底經營中，應該一年之中每個月都有花圃;在其中可以每月各有當令的美麗的花木。爲了十二月，一月和十一月的下半月，你必須種植一冬常綠的東西：如冬青、常春藤、月桂、杜鬆、柏樹、水鬆、波羅蜜樹、樅樹、迷迭香、熏衣草、長春花(白的紫的和藍的)、石蠶花、菖蒲、香橙、檸檬、桃金娘(如果能設法保溫不使受寒的話)，和香茉沃剌那，不過要種在牆下向日之處才行。在這些以後，爲一月底下半月和二月，應當栽培在那時發花的櫻楮樹、番紅花、黃灰兩色的都可;櫻草、白頭翁、早開的鬱金香、荷蘭風信子、小鳶尾、貝母。到了三月則有香堇菜，尤其是單瓣藍色的那一種，它們是開得最早的;黃水仙、雛菊、杏花、桃花、山茱萸花、野薔薇。在四月裏接着來的則有雙瓣的白香堇、黃紫羅蘭花、香紫羅蘭、黃花九輪草、蝴蝶花、各種的百合花、迷迭香、鬱金香、重瓣的牡丹、淡色水仙、法國忍冬、櫻花、李花和梅花、抽葉的山椃、丁香。在五月和六月裏來的則有各種的石竹，尤其是嬌羞石竹;各種的薔薇，惟有那開得較晚的麝香薔薇不在其內;忍冬、楊莓、紫草、耬鬥菜、法國萬壽菊、非洲萬壽菊、結果實的櫻桃樹、醋栗、結果實的無花果樹、蔗莓、葡萄花、熏衣草、開白花的香蘭、百合草、鈴蘭、蘋果花。七月間則有各種的紫羅蘭、麝香薔薇、開花的菩提樹、早熟的梨與結實的李、兩種早熟的林檎。八月裏來的有各種結實的李樹、梨、杏、伏牛花、榛子、甜瓜、各種顏色的附子。九月裏來的有葡萄、蘋果、各種顏色的罌粟花、桃子、半邊紅而肉色黃的桃子、油桃、山茱萸、冬梨、榲桲。在十月和十一月底月初則有楸子、枸杞、洋李、插枝或移植以求其晚開的薔薇、蜀葵以及和這些一類的東西。這些花木之類都是就倫敦底氣候而言的;但是我底意思是顯然易見的，就是你可以按着各地方底出產而享有一種“永久的春天”也。

And because the breath of flowers is far sweeter in the air (where it comes and goes like thewarbling of music) than in the hand, therefore nothing is more fit for that delight, than to knowwhat be the flowers and plants that do best perfume the air. Roses, damask and red, are fastflowers of their smells; so that you may walk by a whole row of them, and find nothing of theirsweetness; yea though it be in a morning’s dew. Bays likewise yield no smell as they mary little; nor sweet marjoram. That which above all others yields the sweetest smell inthe air is the violet, specially the white double violet, which comes twice a year; about themiddle of April, and about Bartholomew-tide. Next to that is the musk-rose. Then thestrawberry-leaves dying, which yield a most excellent cordial smell. Then the flower of vines; itis a little dust, like the dust of a bent, which grows upon the cluster in the first coming sweet-briar. Then wall-flowers, which are very delightful to be set under a parlor or lowerchamber window. Then pinks and gilliflowers, especially the matted pink and clove the flowers of the lime-tree. Then the honeysuckles, so they be somewhat afar off. Ofbeanflowers I speak not, because they are field flowers. But those which perfume the air mostdelightfully, not passed by as the rest, but being trodden upon and crushed, are three; that is,burnet, wildthyme, and watermints. Therefore you are to set whole alleys of them, to have thepleasure when you walk or tread.

因爲花卉底香氣在空氣中(在空氣中花香底來去是類似音樂底鳴奏的)比在人底手裏香得多，所以爲了那種聞香底至樂，再沒有比懂得那幾種花卉是最能於採擇之前在空氣中散佈芬芳的這種事更爲適合需要的了。薔薇、淡紅的和大紅的，都是嚴守香氣的花，所以你儘可以走過一大排的薔薇之旁而聞不到一點他們底香氣，這些花甚至於在清晨底露水之下也是如此的。月桂在長大底期間也不放香。迷迭香香氣無多;茉沃剌那香氣也少。在空氣中所放的香氣最大，超過其他的一切花草的，要數香堇，尤其是白色重瓣的。這種花一年中發花兩次;一次在四月中旬，另一次在聖巴素羅繆節左右。其次就是麝香薔薇、再就是將落的楊莓葉子，它能發一種最爽心的香氣。然後就是葡萄花;這種花是小粉花，好象小糠草底粉花一樣，是在葡萄穗初發的時候開的。然後就是野薔薇。然後就是黃紫羅蘭花;這種花如果種在一座客廳或低層的小室底窗下是大可增人興趣的。然後就是各種的石竹和紫羅蘭，尤其是花壇石竹和丁香石竹。然後是菩提樹底花。 然後是忍冬花，只是要遠一點纔好。關於豆花我不想說什麼，因爲他們是田間的花。然後，那最善於在空氣中散佈芬芳的同時並非任人徘徊其側而是受人踐踏壓碎的花共有三種;就是，地榆、野百里香和水薄荷。 因此你應該種植這些花，把他們遍栽在整條的園徑上，以便你在散步或踐踏草地的時候能享受他們底香氣。

For gardens (speaking of those which are indeed princelike, as we have done of buildings), thecontents ought not well to be under thirty acres of ground; and to be divided into three parts;a green in the entrance; a heath or desert in the going forth; and the main garden in the midst;besides alleys on both sides. And I like well that four acres of ground be assigned to the green;six to the heath; four and four to either side; and twelve to the main garden. The green hathtwo pleasures: the one, because nothing is more pleasant to the eye than green grass keptfinely shorn; the other, because it will give you a fair alley in the midst, by which you may go infront upon a stately hedge, which is to enclose the garden. But because the alley will be long,and, in great heat of the year or day, you ought not to buy the shade in the garden, by goingin the sun through the green, therefore you are, of either side the green, to plant a covert alleyupon carpenter’s work, about twelve foot in height, by which you may go in shade into thegarden. As for the making of knots or figures, with divers colored earths, that they may lieunder the windows of the house on that side which the garden stands, they be but toys; youmay see as good sights, many times, in tarts. The garden is best to be square, encompassedon all the four sides with a stately arched hedge. The arches to be upon pillars of carpenter’swork, of some ten foot high, and six foot broad; and the spaces between of the samedimension with the breadth of the arch. Over the arches let there be an entire hedge ofsome four foot high, framed also upon carpenter’s work; and upon the upper hedge, overevery arch, a little turret, with a belly, enough to receive a cage of birds: and over every spacebetween the arches some other little figure, with broad plates of round colored glass gilt, forthe sun to play upon. But this hedge I intend to be raised upon a bank, not steep, but gentlyslope, of some six foot, set all with flowers. Also I understand, that this square of the garden,should not be the whole breadth of the ground, but to leave on either side, ground enough fordiversity of side alleys; unto which the two covert alleys of the green, may deliver you. Butthere must be no alleys with hedges, at either end of this great enclosure; not at the hitherend, for letting your prospect upon this fair hedge from the green; nor at the further end, forletting your prospect from the hedge, through the arches upon the heath.

至於花園(我們現在所說的是那些屬於王者的花園，就如同上文之論建築一樣)，其內部的面積不應當比三十畝過少;並且應當區分爲三部;一進園門的地方是一片草地;靠近出口的地方是草莽或荒地;花園底主要部分則在中間;此外兩旁還有人走的道路。我以爲園地底四畝當作爲草地之用，六畝作爲荒地之用;兩邊各佔四畝;十二畝作爲正園之用。綠草地有兩種樂趣：第一，再沒有比剪得整整齊齊的綠草更爲悅目者;第二，這綠草地將在中間給你一條人行道，由此你可前進到一片堂皇的籬垣之前，這籬垣是用以圍繞正中的花園的。但是因爲這條道兒不免稍長，並且在一年或一天之中天氣最熱的時候，你不應當爲求園中的蔭涼而先付在陽光下行過草地的代價，所以你必須在花園底兩邊，各佈置一個有廕庇的通路，由木工裝置約12英尺高的架子;由這些通路你可以達到園中的蔭涼。至於用各種顏色的泥土安設花壇，使成圖案，企圖把他們擺在臨近花園底那一部分居室底窗下的事情，不過是玩意兒，你在糖果點心之中也常常可以看見同樣的美景的。花園底主要部分最好是正方的，四面用堂皇的帶拱門的籬垣圍繞。這些拱門應當築在木工製作的柱子之上;他們應該約有10英尺高，6英尺寬;並且拱門之間的距離應該與每個拱門的寬一樣。在這些拱門之上還應當有一圈整個的籬牆，高約4英尺，也憑木工製作;在這上一層的籬牆上面，在每個拱門底上頭，要有一個小角樓，中部圓形凸出，能容一個鳥籠：在每個拱門之間的地方上頭應該有些別樣的雕象刻工之類，蓋上寬廣的各色玻璃磚，以便陽光在上面遊戲。但是這個籬牆我是要把它建築在一個坡上，不是一個峻阪，而是一道很平易的斜坡，高約6英尺，遍栽花草。並且，我底意思是這個方形的花園其寬度不應當佔據整個園地底寬度，而應當在兩邊留出地方來，做成許多的小徑，這些小徑可由上述的那兩個有覆蓋的通路達到。但是在這塊大方地底兩端決不可有帶籬牆的徑路;在前面的一端不可有，因爲如果有了就會阻礙你底視線，使你從前面草地上望過來的時候看不清那美觀的籬垣;在後面的一端也不可有，因爲如果有了又將阻礙你底視線，使你從籬垣底拱門望出去的時候看不清後面的草莽之地。

For the ordering of the ground, within the great hedge, I leave it to variety of device;advising nevertheless, that whatsoever form you cast it into, first, it be not too busy, or full ofwork. Wherein I, for my part, do not like images cut out in juniper or other garden stuff; theybe for children. Little low hedges, round, like welts, with some pretty pyramids, I like well; and insome places, fair columns upon frames of carpenter’s work. I would also have the alleys,spacious and fair. You may have closer alleys, upon the side grounds, but none in the maingarden. I wish also, in the very middle, a fair mount, with three ascents, and alleys, enough forfour to walk abreast; which I would have to be perfect circles, without any bulwarks orembossments; and the whole mount to be thirty foot high; and some fine banqueting-house,with some chimneys neatly cast, and without too much glass.

至於大籬牆以內的園地底佈置，我覺得應該把它留給不同的計劃心裁;不過我有一點忠告，就是不論你把它佈置成什麼樣的形狀，頭一件事情卻是不可過於繁複或人工太多。例如我個人就不喜歡在杜鬆或別的園木上刻畫的圖象;這一類的東西是爲兒童們的。小而低的籬牆，圓如滾邊，附帶着好看的尖塔，這些是我很喜歡的;還有，在有些地方，美觀而有木工雕刻的邊緣的柱子也是我所喜歡的，又，我以爲園中的那些通路也應當寬廣美觀。在園子底兩側空地上你也可以有較?而有覆蓋的小巷，但是在正中的花園中卻不可有這種小巷。在這塊花園的正中心，我也以爲應當有一座美好的小山，由三級梯磴上達，每一級底頂上留出一圈平地來，其闊足以容四人並肩而行;這些平路我以爲應當環繞小山，旁邊不應當有任何屏障或凸出之建築物。整個的小山應當有30英尺高，並且上面應當有一座宴客廳，內有佈置得很整潔的壁爐，並且窗戶上的玻璃不可太多。

For fountains, they are a great beauty and refreshment; but pools mar all, and make thegarden unwholesome, and full of flies and frogs. Fountains I intend to be of two natures: theone that sprinkleth or spouteth water; the other a fair receipt of water, of some thirty or fortyfoot square, but without fish, or slime, or mud. For the first, the ornaments of images gilt, or ofmarble, which are in use, do well: but the main matter is so to convey the water, as it neverstay, either in the bowls or in the cistern; that the water be never by rest discolored, green orred or the like; or gather any mossiness or putrefaction. Besides that, it is to be cleansedevery day by the hand. Also some steps up to it, and some fine pavement about it, doth for the other kind of fountain, which we may call a bathing pool, it may admit muchcuriosity and beauty; wherewith we will not trouble ourselves: as, that the bottom be finelypaved, and with images; the sides likewise; and withal embellished with colored glass, and suchthings of lustre; encompassed also with fine rails of low statuas. But the main point is the samewhich we mentioned in the former kind of fountain; which is, that the water be in perpetualmotion, fed by a water higher than the pool, and delivered into it by fair spouts, and thendischarged away under ground, by some equality of bores, that it stay little. And for finedevices, of arching water without spilling, and making it rise in several forms (of feathers,drinking glasses, canopies, and the like), they be pretty things to look on, but nothing to healthand sweetness.

至於噴水池，乃是很美而且很能爽人的東西;但是水塘一類的東西則有損於一切，而且使園子變得不合衛生，充滿了蚊蠅和青蛙。我以爲泉應有兩種：一種是噴水或冒水的;一種是一個好看的容水的方池，三四丈見方，但是內中沒有魚，粘土和淤泥。爲第一種的泉，如今通用的那些?的或大理石的雕像一類的裝飾品是很好的;不過主要的問題卻在如何設法使泉水流通，不要停滯在下面的圓池或水槽裏面，以免這水的顏色變醜，或紅或綠等等，或者聚集苔蘚及腐臭之物。此外還應當每天用人工使之清潔。泉下設石級，四周鋪砌一部分的地面，也是很好的。至於那另外的一種我們可以叫做“浴池”的水泉，在它上面我們是可以用許多的奇思及美感的;這些都可以不必細說。舉例言之，如泉底精爲鋪砌，並且砌成圖形;兩旁也照樣鋪砌;並飾以有顏色的玻璃和類此的有光彩的東西;周圍再環以雕像等等的辦法皆是也。但是主要的問題還是如上述的關於第一種水泉的一樣;就是，如何可以使泉水永遠流動，而於其來源則養以較高一層之水池，通以美觀的水筧，然後用距離相等的水孔或水管使水由地下外泄，不致停滯泉中。至於那些細巧的設計，使水流如虹而不溢，或使水上升而以各種形式噴射(如鳥羽，酒杯，天蓋等等的形狀)，那都是看起來很好看的東西，但是對於養生和娛心是沒有什麼幫助的。

For the heath, which was the third part of our plot, I wish it to be framed, as much as may be,to a natural wildness. Trees I would have none in it, but some thickets made only of sweet-briarand honeysuckle, and some wild vine amongst; and the ground set with violets, strawberries,and primroses. For these are sweet, and prosper in the shade. And these to be in the heath,here and there, not in any order. I like also little heaps, in the nature of mole-hills (such as arein wild heaths), to be set, some with wild thyme; some with pinks; some with germander, thatgives a good flower to the eye; some with periwinkle; some with violets; some withstrawberries; some with cowslips; some with daisies; some with red roses; some with liliumconvallium; some with sweet-williams red; some with bear’s-foot: and the like low flowers, beingwithal sweet and sightly. Part of which heaps, are to be with standards of little bushes prickedupon their top, and part without. The standards to be roses; juniper; holly; berberries (buthere and there, because of the smell of their blossoms); red currants; gooseberries; rosemary;bays; sweetbriar; and such like. But these standards to be kept with cutting, that they grownot out of course.

至於那本是我們底園地之第三部分的草莽之地，我以爲應當盡其可能地做成荒野的樣子。 在其中我以爲決不應當有任何樹木，除了幾叢野薔薇和忍冬，其間再雜以野葡萄之類的植物;地上則多植香堇，楊莓和櫻草。因爲這些花都有香氣，而且在有蔭的地方長得很茂盛。這些花底栽法，應該是散佈在草莽之區的各處，這裏那裏地，並不要什麼一定的分配或次序。我也很喜歡鼴鼠丘一類的小土堆(就象真正的草野中所有的一樣)。這些小土堆，有些上面應該栽植野百里香;有些應該栽石竹;有些栽石蠶花，那是一種看起來很好看的花;有些栽長春花;有些栽香堇;有些栽楊莓;有些栽野櫻草;有些栽雛菊;有些栽紅玫瑰;有些栽鈴蘭;有些栽紅色捕蟲瞿麥;有些栽熊掌花;以及這一類不甚名貴，然而有香氣而又好看的花草。這些小土堆中的一部分應該在頂上有小叢的獨立木另一部分則不必有。這些獨立木的種類應當是玫瑰、杜鬆、冬青、伏牛花(但是這花只可偶而有之，因爲它底氣味過濃，使人悶懨)、紅醋粟、桃金娘、迷迭香、月桂、野薔薇等等。但是他們都應當常剪，以免長得凌亂難看。

For the side grounds, you are to fill them with variety of alleys, private, to give a full shade,some of them, wheresoever the sun be. You are to frame some of them, likewise, for shelter,that when the wind blows sharp you may walk as in a gallery. And those alleys must be likewisehedged at both ends, to keep out the wind; and these closer alleys must be ever finelygravelled, and no grass, because of going wet. In many of these alleys, likewise, you are to setfruit-trees of all sorts; as well upon the walls, as in ranges. And this would be generallyobserved, that the borders wherein you plant your fruit-trees, be fair and large, and low, andnot steep; and set with fine flowers, but thin and sparingly, lest they deceive the trees. At theend of both the side grounds, I would have a mount of some pretty height, leaving the wall ofthe enclosure breast high, to look abroad into the fields.

至於那園中兩側的隙地，應該在其中多設各種的巷路，要幽靜，並且其中的一部分要能遮蔽陽光，無論陽光是從那一方面來。並且應當把他們之中的另一部分造成闢風的，以便在風吹得很厲害的時候，在裏面走路如在有遮蔽的廊中走路一般。那些頭一種的巷路也應當在兩端用籬牆圍上，以避烈風，而這些第二種的狹巷則必須要永遠鋪以細石，而且不要長草，以免露溼了人底鞋襪。在這些衖巷底大多數之中，也應當栽植各種的果樹，使他們或攀緣牆壁，或自成行列。不過這一點應當普遍地注意，就是在裏面種植果樹的樹牀應該是美好，寬闊而低的，不可過高;裏面也可種些好花，但是應該種得稀少，否則恐怕他們要妨害那些樹木。在兩旁側地底盡頭處，我以爲應當各有一座不甚高的小山，其高度須使人立於其上的時節園牆不能高過人底胸部。登上了這些小山，可以望四周的田野。

For the main garden, I do not deny, but there should be some fair alleys ranged on both sides,with fruit-trees; and some pretty tufts of fruittrees, and arbors with seats, set in some decentorder; but these to be by no means set too thick; but to leave the main garden so as it be notclose, but the air open and free. For as for shade, I would have you rest upon the alleys of theside grounds, there to walk, if you be disposed, in the heat of the year or day; but to makeaccount, that the main garden is for the more temperate parts of the year; and in the heat ofsummer, for the morning and the evening, or overcast days.

至於正中的花園，有人主張其兩邊應當有美觀的衖巷，植以果樹;園中還應當有些上栽着果樹的好看的小山，設有座位的亭子，這一切都須安排得宜。對於這種說法我並不反對，不過這些東西決不可過密;反之，正中的花園不可有閉塞的情形，而應當使其中的空氣流通無阻。因爲，若講到廕庇的問題，我以爲應當求之於兩側隙地的衖巷，在這些衖巷之中，假如一個人願意的話，他可以在一年或一日最熱的時候散步;但是他應當把正中的花園認爲是爲一年中較溫和的季節而設的;在暑熱中，則這一部分是爲晨夕或陰天而設的。

For aviaries, I like them not, except they be of that largeness as they may be turfed, and haveliving plants and bushes set in them; that the birds may have more scope, and natural nesting,and that no foulness appear in the floor of the aviary. So I have made a platform of a princelygarden, partly by precept, partly by drawing, not a model, but some general lines of it; and inthis I have spared for no cost. But it is nothing for great princes, that for the most part takingadvice with workmen, with no less cost set their things together; and sometimes add statuasand such things for state and magnificence, but nothing to the true pleasure of a garden.

至於鳥塒一類的東西我是不喜歡它們的，除非它們底大小可以容地下鋪草皮並且栽種活的植物或矮樹叢;如此，那所養的鳥兒們就可以較有活動之餘地，並且可以有自然的巢棲之地，在鳥塒下的地面上也不至於有污穢底情形了。如上所言，我已經替一個王者底花園造了一個模型了。我所用的方法一部分是議論，一部分是規劃，所規劃者不是一個具體的模型，而是它底輪廓。在這方面我也沒有想到省費用的問題，但是這種問題在王公大人是不成問題的。他們多半採取匠人底意見，把許多事物佈置在一起，而其所費並不見得比我底計劃節省;有時他們還增加雕象，以及此類的東西，所爲的是堂皇富麗，然而這於真正的園亭之樂卻是沒有什麼幫助的。