新興的商業類好工作：工業心理學家
Industrial psychologists apply the principles of psychology to the workplace.
工業心理學家就是把心理學原理應用於工作場所。
"Interestingly, I got into this field by having bad jobs," says Steve Kozlowski, former president of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology and a psychology professor at Michigan State University. He had dropped out of college and got a job on the assembly line at a factory. "I ran a machine. The work was monotonous, dangerous, didn't pay well, and it didn't have to be that bad.
"密歇根州立大學心理學教授、工業和組織心理學協會前主席史蒂夫·科茲洛夫斯基說:“有趣的是，我進入這個領域是因爲工作不理想，”他大學輟學後，在一家工廠的裝配線上找到了一份工作。“我負責運行一臺機器，雖然這項工作內容單調，危險，工資不高，但也不至於要那麼糟糕。”
When asked about his entry into the field, Mark Poteet, president of Organizational Research & Solutions Inc., says, "I've always found a natural interest in people – why do people do what they do – but I've also always had an interest in business, commerce and finance ." He started asking himself questions like, "what makes employees more productive?" and "what makes leaders more effective?"
當被問及爲什麼會選擇進入該領域時，組織研究與解決方案公司總裁馬克•波提特表示:“我對人一直有一種與生俱來的好奇心——人們爲什麼要做他們做的事——但同時我也一直對買賣、商業和金融感興趣。”於是他開始問自己這樣的問題:“是什麼讓員工更有效率?”以及“是什麼使領導者更有效率？”
And these are just the questions that industrial psychology addresses. Poteet describes the profession as "a natural marriage between psychology and business."
而這些正是工業心理學所關注的問題。波提特把這一職業描述爲“心理和商業之間的自然結合”。
From 2016 to 2026, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that new jobs will shake out at a rate of nearly 6 percent, but because industrial psychology is such a small field, this growth rate will translate into just 100 jobs over the 10-year period.
美國勞工統計局預計，從2016年到2026年，新增就業崗位將以近6%的速度大幅減少，但由於工業心理學是一個如此小的領域，在10年時間裏，這一減少的增長率將轉化爲僅100個就業崗位。
What Type of Education Do Industrial Psychologists Need?
工業心理學家需要什麼樣的教育？
To enter the field of industrial psychology, a master's degree in industrial/organizational psychology, known as I/O or IOP, is required. According to Poteet, a master's degree gives you a somewhat narrow breadth of training in the field. A doctoral degree gives you a broader education and allows you access to academic, research and scientific jobs that aren't open to candidates with just a master's degree.
要進入工業心理學領域，至少需要工業/組織心理學碩士學位，稱爲I/O或IOP。根據波提特的說法，碩士學位讓你在這個領域的訓練範圍變得有點狹窄，博士學位才能爲你提供了更廣泛的教育，讓你有機會從事學術和科研工作，而這些工作對只有碩士學位的求職者並沒有開放。
Job Satisfaction
工作滿意度
Average Americans work well into their 60s, so workers might as well have a job that’s enjoyable and a career that's fulfilling. A job with a low stress level, good work-life balance and solid prospects to improve, get promoted and earn a higher salary would make many employees happy. Here's how Industrial Psychologists job satisfaction is rated in terms of upward mobility, stress level and flexibility.
一般人都能很好地工作到60多歲，所以不妨找一份令人愉快和滿意的工作，一份令人滿意的職業。一份壓力小、工作與生活平衡好、有良好的前景可以改善、晉升和獲得更高薪水的工作會讓許多員工感到高興。以下是公關專家的工作滿意度在升職、壓力水平和靈活性方面的評價。
How to Get a Job as an Industrial Psychologist
如何找到一份工業心理學家的工作
To find a job, Poteet recommends completing internships to gain experience. Critical thinking skills and communication skills are very important to this career path. He also suggests joining the local and national associations so you can check out their job postings and network with other professionals. "Networking is really important in this field," Poteet says. "Much of my work comes from referrals – rarely is it a cold call."
爲了找到工作，波提特建議通過實習來獲得經驗。批判性思維能力和溝通能力對這條職業道路非常重要。他還建議加入當地和國家的協會，這樣你就可以查看他們的招聘信息並與其他專業人士建立關係網。“人際關係網在這個領域非常重要，”波提特說，“我的大部分工作都是別人引薦的，很少是靠自我推銷找到的。”
Kozlowski says, "Strive for excellence in whatever you do. Get into the best school, take the best internship, then the best job.
"科茲洛夫斯基說:“無論做什麼，都要追求卓越。進入最好的學校，接受最好的實習，然後找到最好的工作。
What is the Job Like?
這份工作怎麼樣?
Industrial psychologists are employed in their own small businesses, as well as by consulting firms, big corporations, hospitals and the government. They are also employed by colleges and universities, where they both teach the next generation of practitioners and conduct research.
工業心理學家既可以受僱於他們自己的小公司，也可能受僱於諮詢公司、大公司、醫院和政府。他們也會受僱於高等院校，在那裏他們教授下一代從業者，同時進行相關的研究。
A typical day for one of these professionals might involve meeting with a client, getting a thorough understanding of their organization and the problems the organization faces, and then researching solutions to their problems. One example of a problem might be an underperforming workforce. An industrial psychologist would have to employ their understanding of human behavior and combine it with research methodology to understand why this might be happening and how it might be fixed. This research might include focus groups or surveys or other scientific means of gathering data. Writing is a big part of the job, as these professionals write proposals to their clients and publish their research.
對於這些專業人士來說，典型的一天可能包括與客戶會面，深入瞭解他們的組織和組織面臨的問題，然後研究問題的解決方案。假如問題是一個公司的全體員工都表現不佳。這時候工業心理學家必須運用他們對人類行爲的理解，並將其與研究方法相結合，搞懂爲什麼會發生這種情況，以及如何加以解決。這項研究可能包括焦點小組、調查或其他收集數據的科學手段。寫作是工作的一個重要部分，因爲這些專業人士會給他們的客戶寫建議書，並發表他們的研究成果。
"There are always big problems to be solved," Kozlowski says.
“總有一些大問題需要解決，”科茲洛夫斯基說。
（翻譯：雅蘭）
