知識女性收入遠不及丈夫 中途隱退漸成趨勢大綱

Susanna Mancini poses for a portrait at her home in New York March 7, 2012. Mancini, a former lawyer who advanced in her career after marrying and having two children, eventually quit in 2005 after her husband's seven-digit earnings exceeded her six-figure salary. She is part of a trend of highly educated US women who have left the workforce as their highly educated husbands' earnings soar。　　Susanna Mancini used to be successful as a lawyer and well paid for it. But her career eventually succumbed to her husband's even bigger success. She quit in 2005 when her six-digit income was overtaken by his seven-digit one。
　　She is far from alone, according to a new study from the Federal Reserve, due to be published shortly。

It shows that between 1993 and 2006, there was a decline in the workforce of 0.1 percent a year on average in the number of college-educated women, with similarly educated spouses。

That contrasts with growth of 2.4 percent a year between 1976 and 1992.

In 1975, college graduates of both sexes were making 43 percent more than non-college graduates. By 2008, the figure had risen to 92 percent for men and to 70 percent for women。

"In the last 20 years, wages for highly educated males increased so much that they dwarfed the family's second income, usually the one of their wives," said Albanesi, who co-authored the study with Columbia University graduate student Maria Prados。

"The result was that sometimes married women exited the labor force mid-career, exactly around the time their husbands are promoted to more senior roles. They stopped getting income they didn't need and so they left the labor force forever."蘇珊娜•曼西尼曾是一名成功的律師，而且收入不菲。但最終她的事業還是敗給了更爲成功的丈夫。2005年當她六位數的收入被丈夫七位數的收入趕超後，她便退出了職場。

美聯儲即將發佈的一項新研究顯示，和蘇珊娜境遇相同的女性很多。

研究顯示，1993年至2006年間，受過大學教育、配偶教育程度相當的女性在勞動人口中所佔比重年均下降了0.1%。

而在1976年至1992年間，這一比重年均增長2.4%，反差甚大。

1975年，男女大學畢業生的收入都比沒有大學學歷的畢業生多出43%。到2008年，男大學畢業生的收入比沒有大學學歷的男性多出92%，而女大學畢業生只多出70%。

該研究的作者之一阿爾巴內西說：“在過去的20年間，受過高等教育的男性工資升了很多，使家庭的第二收入(通常是妻子的收入)顯得微薄。”阿爾巴內西和哥倫比亞大學研究生瑪麗亞•普拉多斯共同撰寫了這一研究報告。

“結果是有時已婚婦女會在職業生涯中期退出勞動力大軍，恰好是她們的丈夫晉升到高級職位的時候。她們不再去賺不需要的收入，所以就永遠離開了勞動力隊伍。”