感恩節的歷史和由來

This week, across the Pacific, Americans are busy polishing off slices of turkey and pie, as part of the annual Thanksgiving holiday.

本週，太平洋彼岸的美國人正在熱火朝天地烤火雞和餡餅，這是他們每年感恩節的一部分。

When the fourth Thursday in November rolls around, Americans gather around their dinner tables, appetites in tow, to re-live the 1621 Plymouth feast. It's a celebration of the country's Pilgrim ancestors, who escaped religious persecution in England by sailing to Plymouth.

每年11月的第四個星期四，美國人都會團聚一堂，帶着滿滿的食慾坐在餐桌邊，重溫1621年普利茅斯的盛宴。這是清教徒祖先流傳下來的慶典，當年他們爲了逃離英國的宗教迫害，遠渡重洋來到了普利茅斯。

The first Thanksgiving is depicted as a rosy affair: grateful Pilgrims break bread with their newfound Native American friends. But there's renewed interest in muddying this tidy narrative. After all, colonization didn't end so cheerily for Native Americans.

第一個感恩節被描繪成美好的事件：心存感激的清教徒和他們新發現的印第安朋友一起用餐。不過現在有人燃起了攪亂這種共識的興趣。畢竟，對印第安人而言，殖民並不是在愉快的氛圍中結束的。

The character of Squanto, for instance, is portrayed in Thanksgiving stories as a kind-hearted indigenous translator who shared helpful farming tips with the Europeans. But what most stories fail to mention is how bleak Squanto's life really was.

以斯匡託這個人物爲例，在有關感恩節的故事裏，他常被描述爲熱心的土著翻譯，他和歐洲移民分享有用的農業小竅門。但大多數的故事並沒有提及斯匡託真實的悲慘人生。

Europeans had previously captured Squanto and forced him into slavery. That's how he was able to speak English when the Pilgrims arrived. The arrival of European diseases also left Squanto without a home. His community of Patuxet had all but died out.

歐洲人早前就俘虜了斯匡託，逼迫他成爲奴隸。這就是爲什麼當英國清教徒到達普利茅斯時，他就能說英語了。歐洲傳來的疾病也讓斯匡託失去了家人。他所在的帕丟賽特部落幾近滅絕。

The reaction against Thanksgiving–as a sanitized, European-focused holiday – started decades and decades ago. Native American groups have been celebrating "Un-Thanksgiving" since the 1970s. The celebration started as a protest to protect indigenous rights.

幾十年前，反對感恩節的活動就開始了，這個節日被認爲是使同化的，以歐洲人爲中心的。從20世紀70年代開始，印第安人開始慶祝"非感恩節"。這個節日最早是保護美洲原住民權利的一項抗議。

But this year, mainstream media organizations like Buzzfeed and the National Geographic Channel are confronting the myths surrounding Thanksgiving. The four-hour Saints & Strangers miniseries is National Geographic's attempt to go "beyond the familiar historical account of Thanksgiving".

不過今年，主流媒體，如新聞聚合網站Buzzfeed和國家地理頻道都在和感恩節神話進行對壘。國家地理頻道推出的四小時迷你劇《聖徒與陌生人》就試圖"顛覆大家熟悉的感恩節演變史"。

"So many people celebrate Thanksgiving every year, but I think most people have no idea what the story is behind it," Saints & Strangers star Kalani Queypo told Indian Country Today.

《聖徒與陌生人》的主演蓋拉尼·奎珀告訴印第安國度每日媒體網絡："每年都有很多人慶祝感恩節，但我認爲大部分人都不知道它背後的故事。"

Thanksgiving isn't the only holiday to be criticized for its simplistic depiction of colonialism. Columbus Day, the October holiday that celebrates explorer Christopher Columbus, is also coming under fire.

因爲簡化對殖民主義的描述而被詬病的節日不僅只有感恩節。每年10月紀念探險家克里斯托佛·哥倫布的哥倫布日也飽受爭議。

Columbus is famous for "discovering" the New World. But historical documents show that he helped expand the slave trade to the Caribbean by using violence against the native people.

哥倫布以"發現"新大陸而聞名。不過歷史資料記載他是武力鎮壓原住民，將奴隸貿易擴展到哥倫比亞地區的幫兇。

Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Missoula, Montana, marked 2015 by replacing Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples Day. Even the Los Angeles city council considered dumping Columbus Day this year, according to the Los Angeles Times.

密歇根州的安娜堡市和蒙大納州的米拉蘇市在2015年以土著人民日取代了哥倫比亞日。據《洛杉磯時報》報道，就連洛杉磯市議會都考慮過取消今年的哥倫比亞日。

"Los Angeles is the most culturally diverse city in the United States, and we must find a way to honor the profound sacrifices made by countless tribal members through the centuries," city council member Mitch O'Farrell told the newspaper.

市議會成員米奇·奧法雷爾告訴《洛杉磯時報》："洛杉磯是全美城市中文化最多元的，我們必須找到方法紀念幾百年來爲我們的國家做出重大犧牲的部落同胞。"

Some other countries are also questioning how to remember their colonial past. On May 26, Australia observes National Sorry Day, which commemorates the aboriginal children who were taken from their homes to be "re-educated" with Western culture.

還有一些國家也在爭論該如何紀念它們的被殖民歲月。5月26日，澳大利亞慶祝了國家道歉日，紀念那些被迫離開家人，接受西方文化再教育的土著兒童。