彪悍也要有度！俄羅斯立法禁止飼養鱷魚獅子等危險寵物大綱

民風彪悍的俄羅斯人敢於在家中飼養各種危險寵物，也因此釀成了不少慘劇。前蘇聯一名建築師曾因餵養美洲獅，造成他14歲的兒子被活活咬死，老婆的頭皮被咬掉。

鑑於近期危險寵物傷人案高發，俄羅斯總理梅德韋傑夫簽署了一項法令，禁止民衆在家飼養鱷魚、熊、老虎、獅子等大型食肉動物和眼鏡蛇、蠍子等有毒生物作爲寵物，新法令將於2020年1月1日生效。

Crocodiles, bears, lions, apes, cobras and scorpions, as well as other large predators and poisonous creatures, are now the subject of a ban from being kept as pets in Russia, to safeguard the health of both ‘owner’ and animal.

鱷魚、熊、獅子、猿猴、眼鏡蛇、蠍子還有其他大型食肉動物和有毒生物現在都被禁止在俄羅斯當做寵物來飼養，目的是爲了保護寵物主人和動物雙方的健康。

Such beasts pose dangers to people, while apartments or country houses differ greatly from the natural habitats of the animals, a difference that “may affect their health negatively, even causing death,” a new act, signed by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev on Friday, reads.

俄羅斯總理德米特里·梅德韋傑夫上週五簽署的新法案中寫道，這些野獸會對人身安全造成威脅，另一方面城市公寓和鄉村房屋與動物的自然棲息地差異巨大，這種差異“可能會危害動物的健康，甚至會導致動物死亡”。

Large predators such as bears, wolves, lions, tigers, lynxes and others are among the species to benefit from the new protections. The ban also includes crocodiles and carnivore turtles, Komodo Dragons, bearded lizards and other reptiles. Also set to get a new lease on life are snakes such as cobras and pythons, as well as many poisonous arachnids, including scorpions and tarantulas.

熊、狼、獅子、老虎、猞猁和其他大型食肉動物均受益於這一新保護法令。該禁令涉及的動物還包括鱷魚、食肉龜、科莫多巨蜥、鬃獅蜥和其他爬行動物。同樣獲得保護的還有眼鏡蛇、蟒蛇等蛇類和包括蠍子、狼蛛在內的許多有毒蛛形綱動物。

Aquarium lovers should forget about putting sharks or manta rays in their household fish tanks from now on, with coral polyps also outlawed in the home. Penguins, pelicans, owls, falcons and some species of ostriches have been added to the list of birds banned from homesteads.

從今以後，養魚愛好者不能在自家魚缸裏養鯊魚或魔鬼魚，在家飼養珊瑚蟲也被視爲違法。企鵝、鵜鶘、貓頭鷹、獵鷹和幾種鴕鳥也被禁止作爲寵物來飼養。

Chimpanzees, baboons and other apes and monkeys have also been forbidden from being kept at home, with the Barbary ape (magot) being the only exception.

黑猩猩、狒狒和其他猿猴類動物也被禁止在家飼養，只有叟猴（無尾獼猴）除外。

The legislation doesn’t mean that people will now be parted with their dangerous and vulnerable pets. The ban comes into force on January 1, 2020, with all animals on the new schedule that had been purchased before that date to remain with their owners until they die.

新法令不意味着人們現在就要和危險脆弱的寵物分別了。這項禁令將於2020年1月1日生效，新法案涉及的所有動物，凡是在這一日期前購買的，都可以和主人生活在一起，直到死去。

The government’s new blacklist also won’t affect zoos, circuses, aquariums and other specialized environments operated by professional organizations.

政府新發布的這一“黑名單”不會影響動物園、馬戲團、水族館和其他由專業機構運營的專業環境。

Famous Russian animal expert and veteran TV host Nikolay Drozdov has fully backed the ban, saying that keeping poisonous snakes and large predators at home is “unacceptable” as, sooner or later, it ends in a tragedy.

俄羅斯著名動物專家、資深電視主持人尼古拉·德羅茲多夫對這一禁令表示絕對支持，他說，在家養毒蛇和大型食肉動物“不可接受”而且遲早會釀成悲劇。

He recalled the famous story of the Berberov family, who lived with lions and a cougar in their apartment in the city of Baku (now the capital of Azerbaijan) in the 1970s. Just like their pet animals, who starred in several movies, they were celebrities in the Soviet Union.

他回憶起著名的伯伯洛夫一家的故事。20世紀70年代這家人在巴庫市（現爲阿塞拜疆首都）的公寓中養過獅子和美洲豹。這些動物曾出演過幾部電影，和他們的寵物一樣，這家人在前蘇聯也是名人。

But their lion attacked a man and had to be shot dead, Drozdov said. “But then they got another lion after that, and a cougar, which killed their [14-year-old] boy and scalped the female owner.”

德羅茲多夫說，但是他們的獅子襲擊了一名男子，不得不被擊斃。“但後來他們又養了另外一隻獅子和一隻美洲豹，後者殺死了家中的14歲男孩，還咬掉了女主人的頭皮。”

There’s been an increase recently in Russia in reports of carnivore pets attacking their owners or other people. Earlier this year, a domesticated bear mauled a woman’s hand in the Far East.

近日俄羅斯所報道的食肉寵物襲擊主人或其他人的案件增多了。今年早些時候，遠東地區一頭家養的熊咬傷了一名女子的手。

maul[mɔl]: v. 襲擊，撕咬

The inability to provide proper conditions and nutrition for the beasts also led to complaints from animal rights activists, and to public outrage. Such negligence also saw animals escaping from their owners, creating a real threat to local populations.

寵物主人無法爲野獸提供適當的生存條件和營養，這也招致了動物權利保護者的抱怨，還引發了公憤。此外，由於疏於看管，一些動物還從主人家中逃脫，給當地人的安全造成嚴重威脅。