口味變了？流行歌曲變得更加憤怒和悲傷
聽了這麼多年流行音樂，你有沒有發現其中的變化？
研究人員表示，在過去幾十年中，流行歌曲變得越來越憤怒和悲傷，表達快樂的歌詞卻減少了。
Pop songs have become angrier and sadder over the past 60 years, experts say.
專家表示，在過去60年裏，流行歌曲變得越來越憤怒和悲傷。
Researchers analyzed lyrics in best-selling songs from the 1950s to 2016 to find expressions of anger and sadness had increased, while words about joy had dropped.
研究人員分析了上世紀50年代至2016年暢銷歌曲的歌詞，發現表達憤怒和悲傷的歌詞增加了，而表達快樂的歌詞減少了。
best-selling ['best'seliŋ]：adj.最暢銷的
The US study team looked at lyrics of more than 6,000 songs from Billboard Hot 100 in each year.
美國研究小組對每年登上“公告牌百強單曲榜”的六千多首歌曲的歌詞進行了研究。
These are the most popular songs in the US each year as chosen by music fans.
這些歌曲都是由音樂粉絲們推選出來的美國年度最受歡迎歌曲。
In the past songs were ranked mainly by record sales, radio and jukebox plays, but more recently it is based on other popularity indicators such as streaming and social media to reflect changes in music consumption.
過去，歌曲的排名主要看唱片銷量、電臺和點唱機播放量，但近來的排名是基於其他受歡迎程度指標，比如流媒體和社交媒體播放量，以反映音樂消費的變化。
jukebox ['dʒuːkbɒks]：n. 自動唱機
Tones expressed in each song were analyzed using 'automatic quantitative sentiment' which looked at each word or phrase in the song with a set of tones they express.
研究人員使用“自動量化情緒”對每首歌中表達的語氣進行了分析。“自動量化情緒”用一組語氣來分析歌曲中的每個單詞或詞組。
The combination of the tones expressed by all words and phrases of the lyrics determines the sentiment of that song.
歌詞中的所有單詞和詞組所表達的語氣結合在一起，就決定了這首歌的情緒。
The sentiments of all Billboard Hot 100 songs in each year are averaged and the average of each year measured whether the expression of that sentiment increased, decreased or remained the same.
研究人員將每年“公告牌百強單曲榜”上的全部歌曲表達的各種情緒進行平均，根據每年的平均值來衡量某種情緒的表達是增加了、減少了還是保持不變。
The analysis showed the expression of anger in popular music lyrics has increased gradually over time.
分析表明，隨着時間的推移，流行音樂歌詞中憤怒的表達逐漸增加。
study co-author Lior Shamir, of Lawrence Technological University in Michigan, said: 'The change in lyrics sentiments does not necessarily reflect what the musicians and songwriters wanted to express, but is more related to what music consumers wanted to listen to in each year.'
研究報告的作者之一、密歇根勞倫斯理工大學的利奧爾·沙米爾說：“歌詞情緒的變化未必反映了音樂人和詞作者想要表達的內容，而更多的是與音樂消費者每年想聽什麼有關。”
Songs released during the mid 1950s were the least angry and the anger expressed in lyrics has increased gradually until peaking in 2015.
上世紀50年代中期發佈的歌曲是最不憤怒的，此後歌詞表達的憤怒逐漸增加，2015年達到頂峯。
In the mid 1990s, songs became angrier and the increase in anger was sharper during that time in comparison to previous years.
在上世紀90年代中期，歌曲變得更加憤怒，而且與之前的一些年相比，憤怒情緒增加的程度更明顯。
The expression of sadness, disgust and fear also increased over time, although the increase was milder compared to the increase in the expression of anger.
表達悲傷、反感和恐懼的歌詞隨着時間的推移也逐漸增加，但增加的程度不及表達憤怒的歌詞。
Disgust increased gradually, but was lower in the early 1980s and higher in the mid and late 1990s.
表達反感情緒的歌詞逐漸增加，在上世紀80年代早期增加的速度緩慢，在90年代中後期增加速度變快。
Popular music lyrics expressed more fear during the mid 1980s and the fear decreased sharply in 1988.
在上世紀80年代中期，流行歌曲歌詞表達出更多的恐懼情緒，在1988年這種恐懼情緒的表達快速下滑。
Another sharp increase in fear was observed in 1998 and 1999, with a sharp decrease in 2000.
另一次恐懼情緒的快速增長出現在1998年至1999年，繼而在2000年快速下滑。
The study also showed that joy was a dominant tone in popular music lyrics during the late 1950s, but it decreased over time and became much milder in the recent years.
研究還發現，在上世紀50年代晚期，快樂是流行音樂歌詞的主旋律，但隨着時間的流逝，快樂的歌詞越來越少，近年來表現趨平。
An exception was observed in the mid 1970s, when joy expressed in lyrics increased sharply.
而上世紀70年代中期是個例外，歌詞中的快樂情緒迅速上升。
The study shows that the tones expressed in popular music change over time and the change is gradual and consistent, with a few exceptions.
研究發現，流行歌曲表達的情緒隨着時間的變化而改變，這種改變是漸進和連貫的，其中偶有例外。
Since the researchers analyzed the most popular songs in each year, the study does not show that music changed, but that the preferences of music consumers have changed over time.
研究人員分析了每年的最流行歌曲，研究並未表明音樂在改變，而是音樂消費的偏好隨着時間而改變。
While music fans preferred joyful songs during the 1950s, modern music consumers are more interested in songs that express sadness or anger.
上世紀50年代的樂迷偏愛歡快的歌曲，而現代音樂消費者對錶達悲傷或憤怒的歌曲更感興趣。
The findings appear in the Journal of Popular Music Studies.
這一發現發表在《流行音樂研究雜誌》上。
