澳大利亞收緊外籍勞工簽證大綱
澳大利亞總理特恩布爾週二表示，澳大利亞將取消廣受外國人歡迎的457工作簽證項目，並代之以一個新的臨時簽證項目，要求申請者具備更好的英語水平和工作技能，目的是更好地保障澳洲本地人的就業優先權。看來以後要靠工作簽證移民澳洲沒那麼容易了。
Australia will introduce stricter visa requirements for skilled workers from overseas, the government said.
澳大利亞政府稱，將出臺更嚴格的海外技術勞工簽證要求。
The 457 visa programme is used mainly to hire foreign workers in the restaurant, IT and medical industries - the majority came from India, the UK and China.
457技術移民簽證計劃主要針對在餐飲行業，IT行業和醫療產業等領域工作的外籍勞工。這些人大多來自印度，英國和中國。
But PM Malcolm Turnbull said it would be abolished to prioritise the recruitment of Australian nationals.
但澳大利亞總理馬爾科姆•特恩布爾表示，該計劃將被廢除，因爲本國國民應享有就業優先權。
Critics of 457 said Australian workers lost out to foreign counterparts.
針對457簽證的批評人士指出，澳大利亞工人被外籍同行搶佔了工作機會。
In its place, two new temporary visas will carry additional requirements and draw from a smaller list of eligible professions.
與此同時，將會有另外的兩項臨時簽證，來代替現有的457簽證。新簽證將會附加要求，且符合要求的勞工較以前將有所減少。
"The new system will be manifestly, rigorously, resolutely conducted in the national interest," Mr Turnbull said on Tuesday.
特恩布爾週二表示：“新制度將以國家利益爲優先，要準確、嚴格、堅定地執行。”
457簽證計劃是什麼?
A four-year business visa which allowed people to live in Australia with their immediate family.
457簽證是有效期爲4年的商務簽證，允許在澳洲企業工作的海外人士能夠與他們的直系親屬共同在澳大利亞生活。
It was designed to fill gaps in skilled labour but it had been criticised as being too accessible.
它的設立是爲了彌補技術勞工的不足，但也因爲門檻太低而受到爭議。
In 2016, the most 457s were granted to cooks, developers, programmers and medical workers.
2016年，獲得457簽證的人大多爲廚師、軟件開發工程師、程序員和醫務人員。
According to government statistics, 95,758 people were living in Australia on 457 visas last year, with the highest proportion coming from India (24.6%), the UK (19.5%) and China (5.8%).
政府數據顯示，去年有95758人憑藉457簽證居住在澳大利亞，其中佔比最高的分別是印度（24.6%）、英國（19.5%）和中國（5.8%）。
有什麼變化?
Mr Turnbull said the current four-year 457 system will be replaced by visas lasting two or four years.
特恩布爾先生說，457簽證的有效時間爲4年，替換該計劃的新簽證有效時間將改爲2-4年。
For the shorter visa, more than 200 jobs will be removed from an existing list of about 650 eligible professions.
而這一短期簽證的適用職業名單上，將有200多種職業從現有的650種職業名單中被移除。
The list for the longer visa will be even stricter, said Immigration Minister Peter Dutton.
澳大利亞移民部長彼得•達頓稱，長期簽證的要求將更加嚴格。
The changes will also require applicants to be more proficient in English, undergo a criminal check, and be subject to labour market testing.
新簽證還會要求申請人具有更高的外語能力，通過犯罪記錄審查和勞動力市場測試。
Current 457 visa holders will not be affected by the changes, Mr Turnbull said.
特恩布爾先生說，已持有457簽證的人不會受到影響。
會對移民產生影響嗎?
Yes, according to Mr Dutton. He described the possibility of eventual citizenship as a "significant part of the attraction" of the 457 visa.
據杜頓先生所說，會產生影響。他表示，最終獲得居民身份的可能性是457簽證“最具吸引力的部分”。
The new four-year visa will also result in fewer permanent residents because of the eligibility changes, he said.
他說，有效期爲四年的新簽證也將導致移居澳洲的永久性居民因資格要求變動而減少。
