趣味科普！狗狗名字是這樣來的
As their breed names often attest, dogs are a truly international bunch. Named for their places of origin and sometimes even their original breeders, dog breed names offer a fascinating look into how we relate to man’s best friend. Let’s take a look at 12 different dog breed names and their backstories.
狗是真正全球化的羣種，他們品種的名稱常常能證明這點。狗品種的命名是它們的起源地，有時甚至是他們最初的飼養場所。對於我們與犬類（人類最好的朋友）有哪些關係，其品種可以提供一種有趣的視角。讓我們看看12個不同的狗品種名臣和他們背後的故事。
Akita秋田犬
This Japanese breed is named for the prefecture in the north-west of Honshu, where they are thought to have originated. Sometimes these dogs are known as Akita inu (literally ‘Akita dog’ in English). Also popular is the Shiba inu, most famous for being the face of the doge meme.
這個日本品種的狗，其名稱由西北部地區的本州島而命名，本州島被認爲是秋田犬的起源地。有時，這些狗也被稱爲“Akita inu”（照字面意思是：秋田犬）。同樣流行的說法的還有“Shiba inu”（日本柴犬），它們因爲表情包而出名。
Corgi 柯基
The dog of choice for Queen Elizabeth II, who has owned several corgis, the corgi originates in Wales. In Welsh, the name means ‘dwarf-dog’, from cor ‘dwarf’ and gi ‘dog’.
柯基（犬）是爲英國女王伊麗莎白二世精心挑選的犬種，她現在養了好幾條柯基。柯基起源於威爾士，在那裏這個名字意味着‘dwarf-dog’（矮狗），由於“cor”等同於“dwarf”（矮小），“gi”等同於“dog”（狗），因此組成了corgi。
Dachshund 臘腸犬
Lop off the hund (German for dog), and you end up with dachs, which is German for badger – what these dogs were originally trained to hunt. You might also know these dogs as wiener dogs, a reference to their long, thin bodies, which are reminiscent of sausages.
拿掉單詞“Dachshund”中的hund（hund在德語中是狗的意思），就剩下dachs（在德語中表示獾的意思），因爲這些狗最初是被訓練去捕抓獾的。你可能也聽說這些狗被稱爲維也納香腸狗，這是因爲它們細細長長的身軀幹會讓我們聯想起香腸。
Dalmatian達爾馬西亞狗（斑點狗）
Dalmatia is the name for a region that is now part of Croatia and Montenegro, formerly part of Yugoslavia and before that an Austrian province. Despite those famous spots, the Dalmatian is related to the Great Dane.
“Dalmatia”（達爾馬提亞）是一個地名，最開始是奧地利的一個省，後來是前南斯拉夫的一部分，現在屬於克羅地亞和黑山共和國的一部分。達爾馬西亞狗命名的來源除了與那麼多著名的地點有聯繫，也和大丹犬有關。
Doberman(n) pinscher 杜賓犬（平斯徹犬）
The name of this breed comes from its first breeder, Ludwig Dobermann (1834–94), a 19th-century German tax-collector. The origin of pinscher, on the other hand, has not been verified, though it has been suggested that Pinzgau, a region of north-western Austria, may be the source.
杜賓犬這個名字來源於它的第一個飼養人——Ludwig Dobermann (1834–94)。他是19世紀德國的一位稅務員。另外，也有人猜測平斯徹犬這個名稱的由來可能與奧地利西北部一個叫Pinzgau的地區有關，但這種說法尚未被證實。
Great Dane大丹犬
As much as the literary-minded among us wish that this dog breed were named after Hamlet, the breed name comes from the French grand danois (‘Great Dane’), and likely is descended from a mix of mastiff and greyhound or wolfhound.
出於文學情結，許多人希望這個品種的狗被命名是因爲《哈姆雷特》這部作品，然而這類狗品種命名來源於法語詞grand danois（“大丹犬”），它很可能是獒犬和靈緹犬或者獵狼犬雜交的後代。
Jack Russell terrier傑克羅素梗
‘Jack Russell’ owners must sometimes wonder who it is that their dog is named after. Jack Russell, as it turns out, was an English parson known as the ‘The Sporting Parson’, who began to breed terriers for sport in the first half of the 19th century.
傑克羅素梗的主人們肯定有時會好奇他們的狗是以誰的名字來命名的。後來人們發現，Jack Russell是一個英國牧師的名字，他在19世紀上半葉以運動爲方向開始飼養梗類犬，被稱爲“運動牧師”。
Labrador拉布拉多犬
Named after the Labrador Peninsula in Canada, where the breed was developed, the Labrador retriever is one of the most popular dogs in the US and UK. The name ‘Labrador’ comes from Portuguese explorer João Fernandes Lavrador, who helped to map that section of the Canadian coast in at the turn of the 14th century.
拉布拉多犬是以加拿大的拉布拉多半島命名的，拉布拉多犬在這裏繁衍發展。這個品種的獵犬是美國和英國最受歡迎的狗之一。‘Labrador’這個名字來源於葡萄牙的一位探險家，叫作João Fernandes Lavrador，他在14世紀初幫忙繪製了部分加拿大海岸地區的地圖。
Rottweiler 羅威納犬
Known for its abilities as a guard dog, the Rottweiler comes from the German town of Rottweil around the turn of the 20th century. Formerly, the dog was known as a Rottweiler Hund, or ‘dog from Rottwei’.
羅威納犬因爲它的看門能力而出名，這個名字來自20世紀初德國一座名爲Rottweil的城鎮。之前，這種狗也被叫做Rottweiler Hund，或者來自Rottweiler的狗。
Shih-tzu 西施犬（獅子犬）
Given that there’s nothing particularly intimidating about these small lap dogs, it’s amusing to learn that the name comes from the Chinese term shīzigǒu, which roughly translates as ‘lion-son-dog’.
雖然起獅子犬這樣的名字，但是這種小型哈巴狗並沒有什麼可怕之處。有趣的是，這個名字是來自於中文“獅子狗”shīzigǒu，直譯成英文是獅子狗‘lion-son-dog’。
Spaniel 西班牙獵犬
Originating in Spain, spaniel comes from the Old French word espaignol (or espaigneul), used to refer to a ‘Spanish dog’. One popular breed of spaniel is the King Charles spaniel, so named due to the great fondness that King Charles II of England had for the dog.
西班牙獵犬起源於西班牙，它的名字來自古法語詞espaignol （或者espaigneul），曾經用來表示一隻“西班牙的狗”。查爾斯王犬是西班牙獵犬中最受歡迎的品種之一，以查爾斯王犬來命名是由於英國國王查理二世曾經養過這種狗，並非常喜歡它。
St. Bernard聖伯納犬
Why exactly is a dog named after Saint Bernard of Aosta (c. 996–c. 1081)? The reason is that Bernard of Aosta founded guest houses in two dangerous passes in the Alps, known both for their hospitality as well as the specially trained dogs that he and the other monks often employed to rescue travellers. Both the passes (Great and Little St. Bernard) were named after him, along with the breed of rescue dogs that he started.
爲什麼恰好是這個品種的狗以“Saint Bernard of Aosta”（聖伯納德，公元前996-1081年）命名呢？因爲聖伯納德在阿爾卑斯山的兩個危險的通道處建立了賓館。這個賓館因爲他們的熱情好客以及他和僧侶們用特殊方式馴養的犬類去營救旅客的舉止而出名。這兩處通道大、小阿爾卑斯山，連同他開始飼養的這種救援犬，都以他的名字命名。
