關於游泳你不可不知的六大真相大綱

If you’ve been watching the Rio Olympic swimming events, chances are you have some questions that you may be too afraid to ask. That’s why we’ve dug up the answers to some of your top swimming questions:
如果你一直在關注里約奧運會的游泳賽事，你可能會產生些好奇又不好意思問的問題。爲此，我們會爲大家在下文專門解答最引人不解的游泳問題。

1. Why do Olympic divers use small towels?
爲什麼奧運會跳水運動員用小浴巾？

Why do divers at #Olympics use really small towels that I’d really call face cloths?
— Laura Meakin (@la_steel64) August 10, 2016

爲什麼參加奧運會的跳水運動員用這麼小的浴巾？稱之爲擦臉毛巾都不爲過！
——勞拉·米金 賬號@la_steel64 2016年8月10日

Olympic gold medalist Laura Wilkinson explains that the name of these little towels are called shammys. The shammy, made out of rayon or poly-vinyl, can hold a lot of water and dry quickly, the former US diver reveals.
前美國跳水運動員、奧運金牌得主勞拉·威爾金森表示，這些“小方巾”名爲麂皮革。這種由人造纖維絲或聚乙烯醇樹脂製成的麂皮革可以快速吸乾運動員身上的大量水分。

Divers use shammys in between dives to dry off. Shammys come in handy in between dives because it helps keep your hands and legs dry, and prevents the diver from losing grip when competing.
運動員在每次跳水間隔都會用麂皮革吸乾身上的水分。這種用於休息間隔的麂皮革可以確保運動員手腳乾燥，還能避免他們在比賽時失去控制。

“It becomes a habit that you do before every dive. It’s kind of like our safety blanket,” Wilkinson says.
“我們習慣於在每次跳水前都擦乾手腳。麂皮革有點像跳水運動員的安全毯。”威爾金森表示。

2. Why do Olympic divers get into the hot tub after competing?
爲什麼奧運跳水選手在比賽後都要用熱水淋浴？

Why do the divers go into the hot tub after there dive? #Rio2016 #Olympics
— Chloe (@chloedenvir) August 10, 2016
爲什麼運動員在跳水完緊接着就去熱水浴池呢？#里約2016#奧運會
——克洛伊 賬號@choledenvir 2016年8月10日

During the summer 2012 Olympics, The Washington Post’s Jennifer LaRue Huget asked former diver and sports psychology professor David Feigley why some Olympic divers dip in the hot tub after diving. It’s simply because the water in the diving pool is chilly (which divers don’t like) and the hot tub allows them to warm up, relax and focus, he explains.
2012年夏季奧運會期間，《華盛頓郵報》的記者詹妮弗·拉呂·休格特曾就這個問題採訪運動心理學教授、前跳水運動員大衛·費格利， 他表示運動員在跳水後進行熱水淋浴僅僅是因爲跳水池裏的水很冷（這讓他們感到不適），而熱水澡既能讓他們暖和，又能讓他們放鬆，將注意力集中到下場比賽。

3. Why are there lifeguards at Olympic pools?
爲什麼奧運會泳池旁會有救生員？

If you ever feel like you’re wasting your life in a pointless job, remember those who are lifeguards at the Olympics
— Meanwhile In Scotia (@MeanwhileScotia) August 8, 2016
要是你曾覺得自己在毫無意義的工作上浪費生命，不妨想想那些奧運會場救生員。
——Meanwhile in Scotia 賬號@MeanwhileScotia 2016年8月8日

You may think there is zero chance of Olympic swimmers needing lifeguards. But it’s necessary, according to a New York Times interview with Danielle Martelote, the lifeguard supervisor at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. She mentions potential situations they would be needed in, such as if swimmers have debilitating cramps, heart attacks and head-crunching collisions into the wall.
你或許會認爲奧運水上運動員需要救生員的機率爲零。但救生員在賽場上仍必不可少，《紐約時報》曾就此對話奧林匹克游泳館救生員主管丹妮爾·馬特洛特。她解釋道，即便是專業的運動員也會有嚴重抽筋、心臟病突發、以及頭部撞牆的危險。

Additionally, a Brazilian law requires lifeguards to be on-site at any swimming pool larger than 20 feet by 20 feet.
此外，巴西有專門的立法規定，尺寸大於20英尺乘20英尺的游泳池都必須配備救生員。

“It’s a one-in-a-million type of event, but we’re prepared,” Anderson Fertes, one of the lifeguards, told The New York Times.
“雖然這種事發生的概率極小，我們還是爲此做好了充分的準備。”救生員安德森·費爾特斯告訴《紐約時報》的記者。

4. What are the red circles on swimmers’ bodies?
游泳運動員身體上的深紅圓形印記是什麼？

FUN FACT: Those circles are the end product of an ancient healing technique called cupping. #Rio2016
— NBC Olympics (@NBCOlympics) August 8, 2016
謎底揭開：這些暗紅圓點是一種名爲“拔火罐”的古老醫術帶來的印記。#里約
——NBC奧運官媒 賬號@NBCOlympics 2016年8月8日

According to USA Today, the suction of the cups, sometimes heated, is said to enhance blood flow. Whatever the effect, it seemed to work for the heavily decorated swimming god.
《今日美國》報道，拔火罐可藉助熱力加速人體血液循環。不管它的效果如何，身帶這種“紋身”似乎能得到游泳之神的庇護。

5. Why do Olympic swimmers splash water on themselves before they swim?
爲什麼奧運選手在游泳前要在自己身上撲水花？

Can someone please tell me why swimmers splash all of that water in their face before they swim? #idontgetit #asktwitter
— Heather Hannon ♡ (@heathhhan) August 3, 2012
有沒人告訴我爲啥運動員在游泳前要把水撲到自己臉上啊？#我不明白#求助推特
——希瑟·漢農♡ 賬號@heathhhan 2012年8月3日

You may have noticed that some Olympic divers splash water onto themselves before competing. American swimmer Breeja Larson tweeted “Your mouth feels parched before races a lot of the time. That’s why we splash,” according a New York Times article published during the London 2012 Olympics. Splashing water can also help swimmers acclimatize to the cold water.
你可能也注意到了有些跳水運動員會在比賽前往自己臉上灑水。《紐約時報》在2012年倫敦奧運會期間報道過，美國游泳運動員布里亞·拉爾森曾發推文解釋稱“大多數比賽前我們都會覺得很乾，這就是爲什麼我們會往身上灑水，”往身上灑水還能夠讓運動員提前適應賽場的寒冷水溫。

6. Why do swimmers wear two caps?
爲什麼游泳運動員要戴兩層泳帽？

The first reason is that the two caps ensure your goggles will stay secure. The second reason isn’t as obvious. According to Salo, “the outer silicone cap better maintains the shape and does not wrinkle as much, thereby causing less drag.” The inner cap is generally latex.
第一層原因是兩層泳帽能夠幫助運動員固定泳鏡。第二層原因就不是那麼明顯了，薩洛表示，“外層的硅膠泳帽一般不會起皺，能夠更好地保持表面平滑度，減少在水中的阻力。”內層的泳帽一般都是乳膠材質。