建築類文章中英文對照
建築裝飾活動在我國是一項既古老又新興的活動。早在人類開始有建築活動的時候就有了建築裝飾活動，新中國成立以後，隨着我國經濟的騰飛，當代的建築裝飾活動日益繁榮，並逐漸形成了一個獨立的行業。下面是本站小編帶來的建築類文章中英文對照，歡迎閲讀!
建築類文章中英文對照1
Ecological building and rather well-known foreign architects
Abstract Generally stating the
concept and the expression of ecological buldings and comparing Thomas Herzog and Norman Foster'stheories and works of ecological buildings to learn and acknowledge ecological buildings，this articIe wants to stimuIate Chinese architect s’ attention and consideration of ecological buildings by the Outstanding achievement of the two masters.
Key Words Thomas Herzog，Norman Foster， EcologicaI building， Expressjon form of ecological building，Theory Of ecological ogical esthetic
Now, with the people continue to enhance the prevention of environmental pollution and maintaining ecological balance awareness, as well as urban greening, increasing development, to create low energy, sustainable development of eco-building environment of the new building research, more and more attention and respected. So, what kind of building could be called eco-buildings?
The concept of eco-building The so-called eco-building, according to the local natural environment, the use of the principle of ecology, building technology, science and other relevant subject knowledge, reasonably arrange and organize the relationship between buildings and other relevant factors in the field and the environment form an organic combination ofoverall, and suitable for human dwelling. Ecological building must meet the following four points: first, to be coordinated with the surrounding environment, and has protective effects on the surrounding ecological environment; buildings must not be on the natural environment caused by pollution or destruction of buildings within the usercan better to enjoy nature and feel that conferred comfortable and pleasant;The interior design should try to return to nature, such as natural lighting,natural ventilation, use of solar energy, the ideal indoor green; Fourth, a variety of substances, the source within the building systems can be orderedcycle of conversion. To sum up is to achieve respect for the environment andreturn to nature Manifestations of ecological building.
For the above definition, the present ecological architecture instance,manifestations of ecological building can be summarized as follows:
2.1 building energy efficiency
View to the current architectural trend, low-power has become one of theimportant symbol of ecological building. The more common way to solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and other non-polluting energy, directly or throughtechnology transfer, building use form, to help the building to reduce energy consumption in lighting, ventilation, heating, etc..
2.2 Building pollution prevention and control
Pollution prevention and control of the building is an important part of the ecological construction. The core issue of environmental protection has always been one of the waste problem. People's concept of pollution controlto focus only on production, the life process in sewagmagradually turned to the building from construction to operation andmaintenance of pollution control in the process.
2.3 building re-use resources
In the entire world's energy consumption 50% in building construction,maintenance and use of consumption, so efficient use of resources,recycling and reduce the impact on the natural environment is the construction of resource use in ecological building to be rapidly improving link.
In recent years, the emergence of ecological building materials ③ alleviatethis problem. First of all the main characteristics of saving resources and energy, followed by reducing environmental pollution, and finally the easyrecovery and recycling.
Above discussion, a certain understanding of the ecological ver, in order to further study the ecological building, is not enough torely on theoretical explanations, we need to analyze some examples, theory and practice, scientific research and understanding of ecological w through the analysis and comparison of eco-building ideas and works of two masters (Thomas Herzog and Norman Foster), to further understanding and study of ecological architecture, and learn from themaster of thought and practice nutrition, explore the development and prospects of ecological construction in China.
as Herzog
Thomas Herzog is a perfect combination of technology and the arts, have a deep sense of mission at the same time on the ecology and environment of the German masters of architecture. His architectural works have a high level of technology, the essential meaning of his work lies in its ecological concern, not only in his design, in the course of teaching, often exhibitions, a large number of works, in cooperation with other architects, he goes beyond the paradigm of modern architecture, and replaced with more eco-dumping Value orientation, and this orientation is bound to replace the old paradigm.
3.1 Thomas Herzog, ecological building thought
Thomas Herzog rarely impose their own creative aspirations on the environment above, but to speculate and listen to the change process and the cycle of the ecological environment, the spirit of participation and cooperation to complete his work. His ecological building human and artificial matter to a natural and man-made natural cordial and harmonious situation. He always adhere to the principle of "from ecology to architecture, from technology to nature", he has eco sublimated into a mental and spiritual, and throughout his life, the building design process.
Thomas Herzog's design is not considered an isolated internal and external form, on the contrary, his designs expanded to all aspects of the built environment and the relationship between the shape. In addition, he attaches great importance to work closely with other professionals to give greater freedom of architectural design activities through the development of new materials, new components, the new system and appropriate design tools, and ultimately to achieve the unity of the building and the natural environment coordination, as well as building its own sustainable development.
Thomas Herzog in the architectural activities in addition to transport
In a variety of new materials, new components, the new system, has been updated in the research and development, more ecological, more reasonable materials, components and systems. Such as: Peituo Kaposi external wall system, Fischer facade assembly system, solar grid system, and so on. Thomas Herzog is more concerned about the accuracy and efficiency of the buildings in harmony with their surroundings on the basis of their own energy-saving technology
Thomas Herzog rarely own creative desire to impose. Architectural detail through carefully designed to improve resource and energy use efficiency, and reduce the cost of non-renewable resources to focus on the ecological environment.
Thomas believes that architects should take advantage of the technology, because of high efficiency by using much less material than conventional practice materials to meet the same functional requirements. Of course, the introduction of new technology, they must be correct and proper. He also is very concerned about the flexibility of the design flexibility and architectural elements, not only emphasizes the flexibility of the building function, but also stressed that the flexibility and versatility of the architectural details.
4.1 Norman Foster ecological building thinking
The introduction of some of the ecological building exist today, and many architects of ecological building creative ideas, the vast majority focused on the use and adaptation of the material aspects of the construction of the external environment, such as solar energy, use of groundwater. These mostly belong to the understanding and use of building physics. Norman Foster building constructed as a space and place is established not merely meet the physical meaning of comfort should be a higher level of development to meet the cultural needs of the people, aesthetic concern for the environment can be seen from the London Guildhall,and the transformation of modern technology and aesthetic orientation, theperfect combination of ecology and art is the perfect embodiment of a new aesthetic - Ecological Aesthetics.
In addition to the above concerns, Norman Foster also paid great attention to micro-climate inside the building, he can focus on buildingmicro-climate specific grouped into three areas: First, a suitabletemperature and humidity (to meet the thermal comfort and health requirements); as far as possible, the most access to natural light (reducingthe energy consumption of artificial lighting); maximize natural ventilation (to reduce air conditioning energy consumption). However, under different climatic conditions different focus and approach of the above three elements. Thus, by the most efficient artificial means to achieve these objectives, or to achieve a balance between the various elements of Foster's relentless pursuit direction. In the two works in the south of France:Cary Center for the Arts and the Frederick Eustace place middle vocational schools is the full performance of his raw state climate concept. His design not only runs through the concept of ecological design, but also fully embodies the attention and respect of traditional cultural and geographical culture, compared with the past completely self-centered high-tech school ",this change is undoubtedly is very profound. It makes high-tech school "goes beyond a simple external style and step into a deeper realm. It can be said at this point he pointed out the direction for the future of high-techschool ", but also provided valuable experience for our commitment to eco-building architects in the field. 5 comparison of two masters
Can be seen through the eco-building ideas and works of two masters of architecture:
5.1 in common
The two masters of architecture in the field of ecological building made outstanding contributions to advocate with the new materials, new technologies, new systems and the appropriate design tools to complete their ecological construction works; emphasized in man and nature,architecture and nature harmony on the basis of up to create a morecomfortable working and living environment of mankind; for the same target from different aspects of making unremitting efforts to create a better environment to human beings, more spiritual and material wealth to leave our future generations .
5.2 The difference
Thomas Herzog in ecological architecture is mainly from the overall environment of staff (including the surrounding environment and buildingtheir own environment), and ecological building design and research; he has been emphasized from the human point of view of sustainable development, rather than short when the viewpoint of local issues; he not only cares about the past and present, he is more concerned about the future; he not only cares about the local area, but also with relevant regionaland even the future may impact the area; him more is the use of new technologies, building detail and from different disciplines collaborate to reach the building and the surrounding environment and the people and the natural harmony and symbiosis; he stressed that eco-construction is not anarchitectural form, but Ecology as an attitude and spirit throughout the design process and its life;more comprehensive and thorough research in ecological construction,ecological building design in the true sense of the truly harmony with their surroundings, and the surrounding eco-environmental protection, respect for the environment and return to nature.
In ecological architecture, Norman Foster mainly to meet the cultural needs of the people's, aesthetic orientation to achieve the perfect combination ofecology and art; space creation through technical support and building internal and external body to respond to nature, integration of large ogical building design and works a greater degree of purpose to reach people yearning to nature and enjoy nature, the concept of micro-ecological climate to some extent, more in line with the ecological concept of "high-tech school" building. He is the use of ecological building epidermis and flexible, applicable to the internal space between the perfect combination to achieve the building itself and the coordination and integration of the surrounding environment.
Conclusion
Eco-building ideas and works of two masters of architecture to there velation: eco-building is not a fashionable style and labels, not just a slogan. In such an economic and technological levels in China are not very advanced countries, all aspects of the construction industry should carry out ecological architectural thinking. In fact, there are some to adapt to thenatural environment, building products, such as: the cave of the northwest -pure green buildings, low energy consumption, low pollution, cool and pleasant environment, as well as a yurt in the steppes, the wind tower inXinjiang and so on. China's future construction should not blindly follow the example of all the foreign genre, this simply from the formal transfer, is not conducive to the formation of China's architectural features and is also astifle the creativity of the construction workers. As Thomas Herzog said:"We can not simply develop an ecology of international standards in different countries have different conditions at different times, or should beaccording to national circumstances."
China is a populous country, the state of the environment It is worrying, the relative lack of resources in China. It is not possible in a short time with the developed countries havethe technology, materials, systems, and theoretical support, which we need to proceed from reality, with the experience of other countries seeking eco-construction of roads suitable for China.
At present, our research, practice and understanding of the ecological building there are many deficiencies, therefore, a targeted strategy is particularly necessary. Combined with our own situation, I believe that to try from the following points: First, strengthen the propaganda of ecologicalawareness and ecological building, in order to arouse the attention of the whole people, to cultivate ecological awareness; theb organization ofecological building research institutions, ecological building and its related areas of research and development, provide strong support for the practice of Chinese architects; outline of the college of Architecture Education to increase the proportion of eco-construction of knowledge and design courses; through the establishment of mechanisms to encourage and promote the development of eco-building . Many developed countries areor have already done so, and have achieved good results.
References
Diao Wenyi. Frankfurt Commercial Bank Building. Central building, 1999 (3):48-51. Xi Yu cheng. Construction, ecological building, digital eco-building. Huazhong Architecture, 2005 (5) :68-69.
3 jin cheng. Ecological studies of Mistakes Architecture, 2001 (5): 18
4 Zheng Wei mai the ecological high-tech construction. Huazhong Architecture 1999 5 wan yuan books of contemporary Western architectural aesthetics. Nanjing: Southeast University Press. 2 () 01.
6 for Thomas Herzog - Architecture +technology. Li Baofeng translated Beijing: China Architecture & Building
Publishing House. 2003
國外著名建築師的生態建築思想比較
[摘要]該文通過簡要闡述生態建築的概念和表現形式，以及對托馬斯·赫爾佐格和諾曼·福斯特兩位建築大師的生態建築思想和作品的比較，來學習和理解生態建築，最後希望藉助兩位大師的突出成就來引起我國建築師對生態建築的重視和思考。
關鍵詞:
托馬斯·赫爾佐格 諾曼-福斯特 生態建築 生態建築的表現形式生態建築思想 生態美學
目前，隨着人們對防治環境污染和保持生態平衡意識的不斷增強，以及城市綠化的日益發展，創造低能耗的、可持續發展的生態建築環境這個嶄新的建築研究方向，越來越受到重視和推崇。那麼，什麼樣的建築可稱之為生態建築呢?
生態建築是將建築作為一個生態系統，其內部各種物質能源有序的循環使用，因而獲得高效率、低能耗、少污染的建築環境，並與自然相平衡，以此達到與自然的和諧共生。本文對同樣在生態建築方面有突出貢獻的兩位國外建築師(托馬斯·赫爾佐格&諾曼·福斯特)進行分析和比較，希望能進一步達對生態建築的認識和理解。
1 生態建築的概念
所謂生態建築，就是根據當地自然生態環境，運用生態學、建築技術科學的原理和其他相關學科知識，合理地安排並組織建築與其他領域相關因素之間的關係，使其與環境形成一個有機結合的整體，且適合人類的棲居。生態建築必須滿足以下四點：第一，必須與周圍環境協調，並且對周圍生態環境起到保護作用;第二，建築物本身絕不可對自然環境造成污染或破壞，建築物內部的使用者能較好地享受大自然並感受到其賦予的舒適和愉快;第三.室內設計應儘量迴歸自然，如天然採光、自然通風、利用太陽能、理想的室內綠化等;第四，各種物質、源在建築系統內可以有序的循環轉換。歸納起來也就是要做到尊重環境和迴歸自然。 2生態建築的表現形式
針對上述定義，結合目前國內外生態建築實例，可將生態建築的表現形式歸納為以下幾點：
2.1建築節能
以目前的建築態勢來看，低能耗已經成為生態建築的重要標誌之一。較為常見的方式有太陽能、風能、水能、地熱能等無污染能源，直接或通過技術轉換成為可被建築利用的形式，幫助建築在採光、通風、採暖等方面降低能耗。
2.2建築污染防治
建築的污染防治是生態建築的重要一環。三廢問題一直以來都是環境保護的核心問題之一。人們的治污觀念也從只注重生產、生活過程中排污的治理，逐漸轉向了建築從建設到營運、維護過程中的污染治理。
2.3建築資源再利用
在整個世界的能源消耗中有50%是在建築的建造、維護和使用中所消耗的，所以對資源的高效利用、循環利用和降低對自然環境的影響是建築資源利用在生態建築這一領域中有待迅速提高的一個環節。
近年來，生態建築材料③的出現緩解了這一問題。其主要特徵首先是節約資源和能源，其次是減少環境污染，最後是易於回收和循環利用。
通過以上的論述，對生態建築有了一定的瞭解。然而要進一步研究生態建築，光靠理論闡述是不夠的，我們必須去分析一些實例，理論與實踐相結合，科學地研究和理解生態建築。下文通過對兩位大師(托馬斯·赫爾佐格和諾曼·福斯特)的生態建築思想和作品的分析和比較，來更進一步地認識和研究生態建築，從大師的思想與實踐中汲取營養，探討生態建築在我國的發展與前景。
3托馬斯·赫爾佐格(Thomas HerZoq)
托馬斯·赫爾佐格是一位將技術和藝術完美結合，同時對生態、環境等負有深深使命感的德國建築大師。他的建築作品具有很高的工藝技術水平，他工作的本質意義在於其對生態的關注，這不僅體現在他的設計中，在教學當中、在經常舉辦的展覽中、在大量的著作中、在與其他建築師進行的合作當中，他都身體力行。他超越了現代建築的範式，並代之以更具生態傾 向的價值取向，而這種取向必然取代舊的範式。
3.1 托馬斯·赫爾佐格的生態建築思想
托馬斯·赫爾佐格很少把自己的創作願望強加於環境之上，而是推測和聽從生態環境的變化過程和循環，本着參與及合作的精神去完成他的工作。他的生態建築思想是將人類和所有的人工製造物達到一個自然和人造自然的親切和睦的境地。他始終堅持“從生態到建築，從技術到自然”的原則，他已經把生態昇華成一種思想和精神，並以此貫穿他一生的建築設計過程。 托馬斯·赫爾佐格的設計不僅僅考慮一個孤立的內部工作和外在形式，相反，他的設計擴大到對影響建築環境的所有方面及相互關係的塑造。另外，他十分注重和其他各方面專業人士的緊密合作，通過對新材料、新構件、新系統和合適的設計工具的發展給予建築設計活動更大的自由，並最終達到建築與自然環境的統一協調，以及建築自身的可持續發展。
托馬斯·赫爾佐格在從事建築設計活動中除了運
用各種新材料、新構件、新系統之外，也一直在研究和開發更新、更生態、更合理的材料、構件和系統。如：佩託卡波那外牆體系、菲捨爾立面組裝系統、日光柵格系統等。托馬斯·赫爾佐格更關注的是建築物在與周圍環境協調基礎上自身的節能程度、技術的精確性和高效 托馬斯·赫爾佐格很少把自己的創作願望強加於性。通過精心設計的建築細部提高資源和能源的利用效率，減少不可再生資源的耗費，來達到對生態環境的關注。
托馬斯認為，建築師應該利用高效率的技術，因為可以通過採用比常規做法少得多的物質材料，滿足同樣的功能要求。當然，採用新技術的前提是它們必須是正確、恰當的。他同時非常關注設計的靈活性和建築元素的靈活性，不僅強調建築功能的靈活性，還強調建築細部的靈活性和多功能性。
4.1諾曼·福斯特的生態建築思想
在現今存在的一些對生態建築的介紹以及許多建築師對生態建築的創作思路上，絕大多數集中在對建築外部環境的物質層面的利用和適應上，如太陽能、地下水的利用等等。這些大都屬於建築物理方面的理解和運用。而諾曼·福斯特則認為建築作為空間的建構和場所的確立不應僅僅停留在滿足人的物理意義的舒適度上，而應向更高的層次上發展，以滿足人的文化需求、審美取向等。從他的倫敦市政廳可以看出他對環境的關注以及對現代技術利用和審美取向的轉變，其生態與藝術的完美結合是一種新的美學——生態美學的完美體現。
諾曼·福斯特除了以上關注點外還十分注重建築物內部的微觀氣候，他對建築微觀氣候的關注可以具體歸納為三方面：一是適宜的室內温度和濕度(滿足人體熱舒適及健康的要求);二是儘可能最多地獲得自然採光(減少人工照明的能耗);三是最大限度地獲得自然通風(減少空調能耗)。但在不同氣候條件下對以上三要素的側重點和處理方式又有所不同。因此，通過最高效的人工技術手段來實現以上目標或達到各要素之間的平衡就成為福斯特不懈追求的方向。他在法國南部的兩個作品：卡里藝術中心和弗雷尤斯地方中等職業中學就是對他生的態氣候觀的充分表現。他的設計中不僅貫穿着生態設計的理念，同時也充分體現了對傳統文脈和地域文化的關注和尊重，與過去的完全以自我為中心的“高技派”相比，這一轉變無疑是十分深刻的。它使得“高技派”超越了一種簡單的外在風格而步入更深層次的境界。在這一點上可以説他為“高技派”的未來指明瞭方向，同時也為我國致力於生態建築領域的建築師提供了寶貴的經驗。 5兩位大師的對比
通過以上兩位建築大師的生態建築思想和作品可以看出：
5.1共同點
兩位建築大師都在生態建築領域做出了突出的貢獻，都提倡藉助新材料、新技術、新系統和合適的設計工具來完成他們的生態建築作品;都強調在人與自然、建築與自然和諧共生的基礎上
去為人類創造更為舒適的工作和生活環境;都在為同一目標從不同層面做着不懈的努力，給人類創造美好的環境，給子孫後代留下更多的精神和物質財富。
5.2不同點
托馬斯·赫爾佐格在生態建築方面主要是從整體環境人手(包括周圍環境和建築物自身環境)，去進行生態建築的設計和研究;他一直強調要從人類持續發展的角度，而非短時、局部的視點看問題;他不僅關心過去和現在，他更關心未來;他不僅關心本地區域，而且關心相關區域甚至將來可能會產生影響的區域;他更多的是藉助與新技術、建築細部以及不同學科的協作來達到建築物和周圍環境以及人與自然的和諧與共生;他所強調的生態建築不是一種建築形式，而是 將生態作為一種態度和精神貫穿於他的設計過程及其一生;他在生態建築方面的研究更加全面和徹底，是真正意義上的生態建築設計，真正做到了與周圍環境協調，並且對周圍生態環境起到保護作用，尊重環境和迴歸自然。
諾曼·福斯特在生態建築方面主要是以滿足人的文化需求，審美取向來達到生態與藝術的完美結合;通過技術支持以及建築物內部的空間創作和外部形體來回應大自然、融合大自然。他的生態建築設計和作品更大程度的是達到人對大自然的嚮往和享受大自然的目的，他的微觀生態氣候觀在一定程度上更加符合“高技派”建築的生態觀。他是運用生態的建築表皮和靈活、適用的內部空間兩者的完美結合來達到建築物自身與周圍環境的協調和融合。
結 語
兩位建築大師的生態建築思想和作品給我們以啟示：生態建築不是一種時髦的風格和標籤，也不是一個口號。在中國這樣一個經濟和技術水平都不十分先進的國家裏，建築業的各個環節更應該貫徹的是生態建築思想。其實，中國也不乏適應自然環境的建築精品，如：西北的窯洞——純粹的綠色建築，低能耗、低污染、冬暖夏涼、環境宜人，還有大草原上的氈房、新疆的風塔等等。中國的未來建築不應再盲目地效仿外國的種種風格流派，這種單純從形式上的移植，不利於中國自身建築特色的形成，對於建築工作者的創造性也是一種扼殺。正如托馬斯·赫爾佐格所説：“不能簡單地制定一個生態的國際標準。不同的國家在不同的時期會有不同的條件，還是應該根據國情去定。”我國是一個人口大國，環境狀況令人堪憂，中國的資源相對匱乏。因此，我們不可能在短時間內擁有發達國家所具有的技術、材料、系統以及理論支持，這就需要我們從實際出發，藉助國外的經驗尋求適合中國國情的生態建築道路。
目前，我國對生態建築的研究、實踐以及認識還存在着許多不足，因此，一些針對性的相關策略的研究顯得尤為必要。結合我國自身的情況，筆者認為可以從以下幾點去嘗試：一是加強生態意識及生態建築的宣傳，從而喚起全民的重視，培養生態意識;二是組織生態建築科研機構，進行生態建築及其相關領域的研究和開發，為中國建築師的實踐提供有力的支持;三在高校建築學教育的大綱中增加生態建築知識和設計課程的比重;四是通過建立機制來鼓勵和推動生態建築的發展。許多發達國家正在或已經這樣做了，並取得了很好的成績。
■ 參考文獻
刁文怡.法蘭克福商業銀行大廈.華中建築，1999(3)：48—51.
奚於成.建築·生態建築·數字生態建築.華中建築，2005(5)：68—69.
3 金武.生態研究的誤區華中建築，2001(5)：18
4 鄭煒邁向生態的高技術建築.華中建築，1999(1)：105—110.
5 萬書元當代西方建築美學.南京：東南大學出版社.2()01.
6 英格伯格·弗拉格等著托馬斯·赫爾佐格——建築+技術.李保峯譯北京：中國建築工業出 版社。2003
建築類文章中英文對照2
建築專業名詞中英文對照
1. acoustic design of auditorium 廳堂音質設計
2. architectural ensemble 城市建築羣
3. boulevard 林蔭道(美)
4. curtain wall 幕牆
5. floor finishing 地面
6. green wedge 楔形綠地
7. earth construction 生土建築
8. electro-magnetic shielding in builing 建築電磁屏蔽
9. conurbation 城鎮積聚區
dacre city 廣畝城市
11. insulation against air-borne sound 空氣聲隔聲
12. hollow bond wall 空鬥牆
13. building complex 綜合體建築
14. modular co-ordination in building 建築模數協調
15. aseismic construction 建築防震
16. auditorium balcony 觀眾廳挑台
17. baroque architecture 巴洛克建築
18. eclectic architecture 折衷主義建築
19. habitable space standard 居住面積標準
20. illumination on building facade 建築夜景照明
21. light steel construction 輕型鋼結構建築
22. building line 建築紅線
23. bundle-structure construction 筒體結構建築
24. classical architectural order 古典柱式
25. column-and-tie construction 穿鬥式構架
26. corbel 疊澀(以磚或石料層層向外出跳跨空的砌築方法，也指用此法砌築成的構件)
27. damp-proofing for outer envelope 外圍護結構防潮
29. daylight calculation 採光計算
30. decorated wall 花牆
31. deformation joint 變形縫
32. ekistics 人類聚居學
33. entourage 建築環境設計
34. flower bed 花壇
35. functionalism architecture 功能主義建築
36. habitable space standard 居住面積標準
37. high-rise 高層建築
38. housing estate 居住小區
39. intercities traffic 城市對外交通
40. plot ratio 用地容積率
41. post-and-lintel construction 抬樑式構架
42. prefabreicated construction 裝配式建築
43. quota for public open space 城市公共綠地定額
44. radiation-proof in building 建築輻射防護
45. ramp 坡道
46. revetment in garden 園林駁岸
47. scaffolding 搭材作
48. simulated boat 舫
49. social amenity 生活服務設施
50. solar building 太陽能建築
51. assembly hall 會堂
52. rucoco style 洛可可風格
53. resort town 修養城市
54. sound-insulating criterion 隔聲標準
55. skylight 天窗
56. urban sewerage system 城市排水系統
57. water storage roof 蓄水屋頂
58. visual property of light 光的視覺性質
59. space sound absorber 空間吸聲體
60. theory of organic decentralization 有機疏散論
(注：芬蘭建築師E??沙裏寧為緩解由於城市過分集中所產生的弊病而提出的關於城市發展及其佈局結構的理論)
mn-and-tie construction 穿鬥式構架
cabin construction 井斡式結構
ket system 斗拱
rned roof-ridge 翼角
h and curvature of roof 舉架
-roofing 瓦作
ntation and levelling 取正定平
nesque architecture 羅曼建築
ic architecuture 哥特式建築
forced concrete and brick construction 磚混結構建築
odamus System 希波丹姆規劃模式
注：公元前5世紀希臘建築師希波丹姆規劃的一種以棋盤式道路網為骨架的城市佈局形式。
town movement 新城建運動
hbourhood unit 鄰里單位
egation green belt 衞生防護地帶
grated design for surgrade piping system 城市工程管線綜合設計
et furniture 城市建築小品
s-section of urban road 城市道路斷面
tional zoning 城市功能分區
-waterproofing roof 構件自防水屋頂
hed roof 坡屋頂
i-family building 多户住宅
itrave 額
sical architectural order 古典柱式
eton construction 骨架結構建築
ble partition 活動隔斷
of thermal technique in building 建築熱工規範
Architectura Libri Decem 《建築十書》(維特魯威著)
h and curvature of roof 舉架
erion of permissible building noise 建築噪聲容許標準
borrowing 借景
91. joist 託樑
92. cast stone 鑄石
93. colour glazed earthenware 琉璃製品
94. double course glass 中空玻璃
95. grout 灌漿材料
96. prestressed strand 鋼絞線
97. building hardware 建築小五金
98. solid-web girder bridge 實腹樑橋
99. cable-strayed bridge 斜張橋
ined-system bridge 組合體系橋
-column structure 板柱結構
rmining method 暗挖法
low compaction 表面夯實法
r wall and paper ceiling 裱糊施工
rground diaphragm wall 地下連續牆
ing 頂升
ld method 盾構法
rse osmosis 反滲透
alumina cement 高鋁水泥
clay foundation 灰土基礎
inear mechanics 非線性力學
logy 流變學
te element method 有限元法
load 恆載
load 活荷載
load 風荷載
ty factor 安全係數
n concrete structure 素混凝土結構
tressed concrete structure 預應力混凝土結構
frame 排架
anical properties of material 材料的力學性能
ss state and strain state 應力狀態和應變狀態
ture mechanics 斷裂力學
ciple of statical equilibrium 靜力平衡原理
ciple of virtual work 虛功原理
lacement of structure 結構位移
od of force 力法
nt distribution method 力矩分配法
uence line 影響線
ical analysis of framed structure 杆繫結構的靜力分析
r wall 剪力牆
ed-plate structure 折板結構
ial grid structure 網架結構
matic structure 充氣結構
-wall structure 牆板結構
nry structure 砌體結構
neering survey 工程測量
material 散裝物料
n topographic survey 城市地形測量
owable stress design method 容許應力設計法
ourhood 裏
ified mannor house 塢壁
en wall 影壁
aced building 台榭
e Dhanari column 石幢
e and cabinet 龕櫥
er 藻井
ker less cement 無熟料水泥
r glass binder 水玻璃膠結料
ganic coating 無機塗料
