世界上最腐败的行业

Known as the extractive sector, oil and mining tops a new list of the world's most corrupt industries. Construction and transportation make up the top three, according to a report by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.

据经济合作与发展组织发布的报道，作为采掘行业，石油勘探行业和矿业位居世界最腐败行业榜单的靠前位置，而建筑及运输行业则位列第三。

The OECD analyzed 427 cases of bribery ininternational business.

该组织分析了国际企业的427个贿赂案例。

Two-thirds of the cases occurred in justfour industries: extractive (19%); construction (15%); transportation and storage (15%); and information and communication (10%).

三分之二的案例发生于四个行业之内：“采掘业（19%）；建筑业（15%）；交通运输和仓储业(15%);信息与通信业(10%)。

Senior executives were involved in more than half the cases, with chief executives playing an active role in 12%. They either paid the bribes themselves, or authorized them, the OECD found.

其中过半的案例有高级管理人员牵涉其中，12%的首席执行官扮演着积极的角色。经济合作与发展组织称，首席执行官们不是亲自行贿就是批准下属行贿。

Public sector employees and those working for state-owned companies were most likely to be the target of corruption. They were promised, offered or given bribes in 80% of the cases.

公共部门的就业人员以及那些就职于国营公司的人员最可能成为腐败的对象。在八成案例中，这些人员得到过别人承诺给予的贿款或接受过贿款。

These included top politicians, such asgovernment ministers, and presidents of state companies. Officials working incustoms, health and defense were also likely to be on the receiving end.

这些人包括高层政界人士，比如政府部长和国营企业董事长。海关部门、卫生部门和国防部门的行政人员也可能是受贿方。

Not surprisingly, the higher-ranking the official, the bigger the bribe. While heads of states and ministers were bribed in only 5% of the cases, they received 11% of total bribes.

官员职位越高受贿越多则在意料之中。虽然国营企业领导人和部长受贿只占百分之五，但他们的受贿金额却占总受贿额11%。

Customs officials on the other hand, were targeted in 11% of cases, but pocketed little more than 1% of the bribes.

而11%接受贿赂的海关人员其受贿金额还不到受贿总额的1%。

All of the cases looked at by the OECD have been prosecuted and reached a final judgment.

经济合作与发展组织调查的所有案例已经被起诉，最终判决也已得出。

Nearly a third were brought to the attention of the authorities by companies that often uncovered bribes during internal audits or when combing through accounts before a merger or acquisition.

将近三分之一的腐败案件是通过内部审计和并购的方式得到有关部门的注意的。

Whistleblowers, on the other hand, were involved in only 2% of the cases.

而告密者起到作用仅占2%。