關於計算機講資料庫概況的英語
計算機是我們我們可以多多學習的英語，所以小編今天就給大家整理了有關於計算機的英語，有時間可以參考一下
facilitate 使容易，促進
retrieval n. 檢索
field n. 欄位
record 記錄，
alphabetically 按字母順序地
chronologically 按年代順序排
break down v. 分解
build up 建造，裝配，組成
encyclopedia n. 百科全書
reference n. 涉及，參考，引用
bibliography 書目，參考書目
periodical n. 期刊，雜誌
literature n. 文獻，著作
professional n. 專業人員，專家
A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage, and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute of the entity described by the database. Using keywords and various sorting commands, users can rapidly search, rearrange, group, and select the fields in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular aggregates of data.
一個數據庫由一個檔案或檔案集合組成。這些檔案中的資訊可分解成一個個記錄，每個記錄有一個或多個域。域是資料儲存的基本單位，每個域一般含有由資料庫描述的屬於實體的一個方面或一個特性的資訊。使用者使用鍵盤和各種排序命令，能夠快速查詢、重排、分組並在查詢的許多記錄中選擇相應的域，建立特定集上的報表。
Database records and files must be organized to allow retrieval of the information. Early systems were arranged sequentially (i.e., alphabetically, numerically, or chronologically); the development of direct-access storage devices made possible random access to data via indexes. Queries are the main way users retrieve database information. Typically, the user provides a string of characters, and the computer searches the database for a corresponding sequence and provides the source materials in which those characters appear. A user can request, for example, all records in which the content of the field for a person's last name is the word Smith.
資料庫記錄和檔案的組織必須確保能對資訊進行檢索。早期的系統是順序組織的(如：字母順序、數字順序或時間順序);直接訪問儲存裝置的研製成功使得通過索引隨機訪問資料成為可能。使用者檢索資料庫資訊的主要方法是query(查詢)。通常情況下，使用者提供一個字串，計算機在資料庫中尋找相應的字元序列，並且給出字串在何處出現。比如，使用者能夠在所有記錄中尋找所有last name域為Smith的記錄。
In flat databases [2], records are organized according to a simple list of entities; many simple databases for personal computers are flat in structure. The records in hierarchical databases are organized in a treelike structure, with each level of records branching off into a set of smaller categories. Unlike hierarchical databases, which provide single links between sets of records at different levels, network databases create multiple linkages between sets by placing links, or pointers, to one set of records in another; the speed and versatility of network databases have led to their wide use in business.
在非結構化的資料庫中，按照實體的一個簡單列表組織記錄;很多個人計算機的簡易資料庫是非結構的。層次型資料庫按樹型組織記錄，每一層的記錄分解成更小的屬性集。層次型資料庫在不同層的記錄集之間提供一個單一連結，與此不同，網路型資料庫在不同記錄集之間提供多個連結，這是通過設定指向其它記錄集的鏈或指標來實現的。網路型資料庫的速度及多樣性使其在企業中得到廣泛應用。
Relational databases are used where associations among files or records cannot be expressed by links; a simple flat list becomes one table, or “relation”, and multiple relations can be mathematically associated to yield desired information. Object-oriented databases store and manipulate more complex data structures, called “objects”, which are organized into hierarchical classes that may inherit properties from classes higher in the chain; this database structure is the most flexible and adaptable.
當檔案或記錄間的關係不能用連結串列達時，使用關係型資料庫。一個表或一個“關係”，就是一個簡單的非結構列表。多個關係可通過數學關係提供所需資訊。面向物件的資料庫儲存並處理更復雜的稱為物件的資料結構，可組織成有層次的類，其中的每個類可以繼承層次鏈中更高一級類的特性，這種資料庫結構最靈活，最具適應性。
