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防晒霜到底怎麼選?看完這篇科普再也不迷茫了

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UVB rays

中波紫外線

“People think that SPF equals everything,” says Dr. Roopal Kundu, a dermatologist at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. And it does count for a lot: the sun protection factor measures a sunscreen’s ability to filter UVB rays, which are related to sunburn and skin cancer. But SPF only measures UVB rays; it doesn’t tell you anything about protection from UVA rays, Kundu says.

西北大學費因伯格醫學院面板科醫生昆都稱:“人們認為防晒係數代表一切。”防晒係數的確很重要:它衡量的是防晒霜過濾中波紫外線的能力,中波紫外線與晒傷和面板癌有關。但防晒係數僅表示過濾中波紫外線的能力,它並不代表任何防護長波紫外線的能力。

防晒霜到底怎麼選?看完這篇科普再也不迷茫了

UVA rays

長波紫外線

The most misunderstood part of sunscreen is UVA. “UVA is around every day; it can penetrate through window glass,” she says. Like UVB, it’s also related to an increased risk of skin cancer, but unlike UVB, it’s not filtered by the ozone at all, Kundu says. UVA doesn’t cause sunburn, but “it really leads to darkening and aging, because it penetrates deeper into the skin and has more influence in the collagen.”

人們對防晒霜最大的誤解是長波紫外線。昆都表示,“長波紫外線隨時都圍繞著我們,它可以穿透窗戶玻璃。”和中波紫外線一樣,長波紫外線也與增加患面板癌的風險有關,但與中波紫外線不同的是,長波紫外線完全沒有經過臭氧層的過濾。長波紫外線不會導致晒傷,“但會讓面板變黑老化,因為它能更深入面板,對膠原蛋白產生更大影響”。

There’s only one way to tell whether your sunscreen offers UVA coverage: the words “broad spectrum.” Without the words “broad spectrum” your sunscreen likely doesn’t offer coverage from UVA, Kundu says.

只有一種方法可以判斷你的防晒霜是否能夠阻擋長波紫外線:那就是“廣譜防晒”。昆都稱,如果沒有“廣譜防晒”這個詞,你的防晒霜可能無法抵擋長波紫外線。

Most active ingredients in sunscreen shield against UVB, but far fewer have UVA coverage, and only a handful offer both.

防晒霜中的大部分活性成分對中波紫外線具有遮蔽作用,但能遮蔽長波紫外線的成分卻少得多,而只有少數幾種成分能同時遮蔽兩種紫外線。

Personally, Kundu uses an SPF 30 sunscreen with the active ingredient zinc oxide, a natural sunscreen ingredient that physically—instead of chemically—blocks rays. Zinc oxide protects against both UVA and UVB rays.

昆都個人使用的是含有活性成分氧化鋅、防晒係數30的防晒霜,氧化鋅是一種天然防晒成分,通過物理方式而非化學方式阻擋紫外線。氧化鋅能同時阻擋長波紫外線和中波紫外線。

SPF numbers

防晒係數值

防晒係數(Sun Protection Factor)是指在塗有防晒劑防護的面板上產生最小紅斑所需能量,與未加任何防護的面板上產生相同程度紅斑所需能量之比值,簡單說來,它就是面板抵擋紫外線的時間倍數。

An SPF of 30 means that technically, you could be out in the sun 30 times longer before you get sunburned than you would be able to if you went out without sunscreen, as long as you keep reapplying it appropriately.

防晒係數30意味著,理論上你在戶外被太陽晒傷的時間是你沒塗防晒被晒傷的時間的30倍,前提是你一直適當補塗。

例如:在不塗防晒產品的情況下,在陽光下停留20分鐘後,你的面板會稍稍變成淡紅色,則防晒係數30的產品可保護你達10小時之久。

20(分鐘)*30(SPF)=600分鐘(10小時)

防晒係數並不是直接反應對紫外線的抵擋能力,而且還不是一個線性關係的指標,所以防晒係數並非越高越好。相反,防晒係數越高的防晒霜使用起來越油膩、厚重、不舒適。

According to Kundu, SPF 15 filters about 93% of UVB rays; SPF 30 filters about 97% of UVB rays; and SPF 50 filters about 98% of UVB rays. The difference between SPF 30 and SPF 50 is only a 1% filtering improvement, she says, and since SPF 30 is readily available at many different price points, that’s the one many dermatologists recommend.

據昆都稱,防晒係數15可過濾約93%的中波紫外線,防晒係數30可過濾約97%的中波紫外線,而防晒係數50可過濾約98%的中波紫外線。防晒係數30和50之間的防護能力僅相差1%。昆都稱,因為防晒係數30的防晒霜有許多價格可供選擇,所以受到許多面板科醫生推薦。

How much you need

你需要什麼樣的防晒霜

Bottom line: Typical adults should buy a water-resistant, broad-spectrum SPF 30 sunscreen, reapply every two hours and use the right amount.

底線:普通成年人應該購買一款防水、廣譜防晒係數30的防晒霜,每兩個小時適當補塗一次。

這裡需要說明的是,長波紫外線防護能力評價指標目前為止還沒有全球統一標準。歐美現在更多采用的是Broad Spectrum SPF,也就是代表廣譜防晒,表示產品既能防護中波紫外線也能防護長波紫外線。

但如果你購買的是日系防晒霜,需要注意的是PA值。PA(Protection UVA)是1996年日本化妝品工業聯合會公佈的“UVA防止效果測定法標準”,指的是防止長波紫外線的有效程度指標,是日系防晒中最廣被採用的標準,防禦效果被區分為三級,即PA+、PA++、PA+++,2013年又加入PA++++。

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