美國州立旗艦大學認可中國高考成績

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　　英語課外閱讀1

HONG KONG — Every June, millions of high schoolseniors in China sit down for a grueling universityentrance exam, knowing they may not get into a topschool or any school at all. If their results aredisappointing, finding another route to universitycan take a year or more.

香港——每年六月，中國都有數百萬高中畢業生參加一場激烈的大學招生考試，即使他們知道自己有可能無法進入頂級高校，或者根本進不了任何院校。如果成績不理想，另尋一條出路進入大學可能會花上一年或者更多的時間。

Now they may have a faster option.

現在，他們可能有了一個更快的選項。

The University of New Hampshire says it will start accepting scores from the Chinese exam, making it the first flagship state school in the United States to evaluate Chinese applicantsusing the results from that test, known as the gaokao.

新罕布什爾大學(University of New Hampshire)表示，它將開始接受中國考試的成績。這使該校成爲了美國首個以高考結果來評估中國申請者的州立旗艦大學。

There are 377,000 Chinese students in the United States, representing more than one-third ofall international students, according to the federal government. Since they often pay full tuition, they are an important source of revenue for American universities, which have beenintensifying their efforts to recruit Chinese students.

根據聯邦政府的統計，美國有37.7萬中國學生，佔全體國際學生的三分之一以上。他們往往會支付全額學費，因而成了美國大學的一個重要收入來源。美國大學正在加大力度招收中國學生。

Erika Mantz, spokeswoman for the University of New Hampshire, said the gaokao program wasmeant to attract “outstanding Chinese high school graduates” after they get their test resultsin late June, months after the deadline has passed under the regular admissions process. Mostincoming freshmen would have been admitted by the time Chinese students take the gaokaotest.

新罕布什爾大學發言人埃麗卡·曼茨(Erika Mantz)表示，高考項目旨在吸引“優秀的中國高中畢業生”，他們會在六月底拿到高考成績，這個時間超過了常規招生過程最後截止日期好幾個月。大多數即將到來的大一新生會在中國學生高考的時候被錄取。

The university — which had 781 international students last fall, almost half of them from China— has introduced a recruiting website in Chinese and English. Before the program for gaokaostudents was created, applicants who took the test would have to wait for a new applicationcycle to start in the fall. The new program allows them to start one semester earlier.

該校推出了一箇中英雙語的招生網站，在它去年秋季錄取的781名國際生中，有半數來自中國。在這個爲參加高考的學生而設的項目出現前，參加過高考的申請者必須要等到下一輪在秋季開始的招生。新項目能讓他們早一個學期開始。

The gaokao, which generally lasts about nine hours over two days, determines the fates ofalmost 10 million students, less than 1 percent of whom gain admission to China’s topuniversities. Students spend years preparing for it.

通常爲期兩天、時長大約九個小時的高考，決定着將近一千萬學生的命運，只有不到1%的考生有資格進入的中國頂級大學。學生們會花費數年時間爲考試做準備。

While the Chinese education system has been praised for its rigor — a Stanford study foundthat freshmen at Chinese universities outpaced their American and Russian peers by two orthree years in critical thinking skills — critics say the gaokao incentivizes memorization overcreativity. There have also been cheating scandals in recent years.

雖然中國的教育系統以其嚴格著稱——斯坦佛的一項研究發現，中國高校的大一新生在批判性思維能力方面超過美國和俄羅斯的同年級學生兩到三年，但批評人士表示，高考鼓勵的是記憶而非創造。近幾年也出現過作弊醜聞。

About 3 percent of Chinese students bypass the gaokao by paying to attend private “international track” programs that prepare them for standardized testing abroad. But theirclassmates planning to take the gaokao have little time for anything other than intensecramming in the years leading up to this rite of passage.

約有3%的中國學生通過自費參與私立的“國際接軌”項目繞開高考，爲他們在海外參加標準化測試做準備。但他們計劃參加高考的同班同學，在這個重要日子來臨之前的數年時間裏，除了緊鑼密鼓地惡補做準備，幾乎沒有時間做其他事情。

That single-minded focus isolates students from educational opportunities outside China, saidAndrew Chen, the chief learning officer of the WholeRen Group, an education consulting firmbased in Pittsburgh. It is rare for students to apply to programs abroad while also preparing forthe Chinese exam, which takes place months after the deadline for most American universities.

總部位於匹茲堡的教育諮詢公司厚仁集團教育總監陳航表示，這樣一心一意的投入使學生與中國以外的教育機會絕緣。極少有學生在準備中國考試的同時還會申請國外課程，中國的高考在美國大多數大學的入學申請截止數月以後纔會舉行。

Students unhappy with their gaokao results can wait a year to retake the test, as almost 1.5 million did last year, or take a gap year to prepare for the next cycle of American admissions. The University of New Hampshire program would take a bit of agony out of the wait, with anOct. 1 deadline to apply for admission in January 2019.

對高考成績不滿意的學生可以等待一年重新參加考試，就像去年差不多150萬人做的那樣，或者利用間隔年來準備下一輪的美國招生錄取。而新罕布什爾大學的項目則可以減少一些等待的痛苦，2019年1月入學的申請截止日期給到了10月1日。

“From the student’s perspective, it opens a door,” Mr. Chen said in a phone interview.

“從學生的角度看，就是打開了一扇門，”陳航在電話採訪中說。

Like other out-of-state students, students admitted to the University of New Hampshire throughthe gaokao program would have to pay over $45,000 a year in tuition and housing costs.

和其他外州學生一樣，通過高考項目入讀新罕布什爾大學的學生每年需要支付4.5萬美元以上的學費和住宿費。

The University of New Hampshire joins dozens of European, Australian and Canadianuniversities, as well as a handful of private American institutions, that have been screeningcandidates using cutoff gaokao scores. The university reviews how students perform on thegaokao, and on an assessment of their English language skills, before determining whetherthey can move forward with the application process.

除了新罕布什爾大學外，還有幾十個歐洲、澳大利亞和加拿大的大學以及少部分美國私立機構使用高考錄取分數線來篩選申請人。決定學生是否能進入申請下一個環節前，該校會評估學生在高考中的表現，以及他們的英語技能。

Ms. Mantz, the spokeswoman, said that although admissions criteria were still being finalized, students considered for the University of New Hampshire would most likely have to take theSAT or the ACT, a similar test, after their scores on the gaokao were vetted.

該校發言人曼茨表示，雖然招生標準仍在進行最後的確定，但在新罕布什爾大學考慮範圍內的學生的高考分數經過審查後，很可能還需要參加SAT或與之類似的ACT考試。

But admitted students would still set foot on campus earlier than they would have otherwise.

但與其他情況相比，被錄取的學生還是能早一些踏入校園。

“This streamlined process quickly gives feedback to students who need additional Englishprep, so that they can start on that path right away,” Ms. Mantz wrote in an email.

“這種簡化的流程很快爲那些需要額外英語準備的學生提供反饋，這樣他們就可以立即着手準備了，”曼茨在一封郵件中寫道。

A similar program at the University of San Francisco allows Chinese students to bypass U.S. standardized testing altogether. A Jesuit institution with about 6,800 undergraduate students, the university has an early admissions program that allows June test takers to enroll as early asthe fall semester, based solely on their gaokao score, grades and a one-on-one interview inEnglish. Last spring, more than half of the school’s 1,600 international students were fromChina.

大約有6800位本科生的耶穌會大學——舊金山大學(University of San Francisco)有一個類似項目，允許中國學生繞過美國的標準化測試。該校有一個預錄取項目，讓六月參加高考的考生憑其高考分數、評分等級和一對一英文面試，最快能秋季入學。去年春季，該校的1600名國際學生有超過半數來自中國。

On the program website, Paul J. Fitzgerald, the school’s president, said that although he wasaware of criticism of the gaokao, it had the “advantage” of evaluating “whether students areable to master a given body of knowledge, as well as their ability to work hard andconsistently.”

在該項目課程的網站上，校長保羅·J·菲茲傑拉德(Paul J. Fitzgerald)表示，儘管他意識到了對高考的批評，但它“有優勢”評價“學生是否熟練掌握一個特定知識體系，以及他們是否具備刻苦學習並堅持到底的品質”。

Mr. Fitzgerald noted that the SAT, which serves as a basis for admission at most four-yearcolleges and universities in the United States, is also an imperfect predictor of college success.

菲茲傑拉德指出，美國許多四年制學院和高校用來當做錄取根據的SAT考試，也並不是一個能夠預計學生大學成就的完美工具。