英語寫作中定語從句常見錯誤總結
對於一個具有一定英語水平的人來說，瞭解定語運用的規律，從而提高分析語言表現技巧的能力，而且還可以有力提高準確、有效地運用語言的能力。爲此 ，本文想就英語中幾種常見的定語常見錯誤粗略地談談自己的看法。
由於定語從句的結構和用法比較複雜，初學者在使用時往往容易犯一些錯誤，最常見的有如下七種：
一、在定語從句中加了多餘的定語。如：
1.誤：Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.
正：Some of the boys I invited didn’t come.
譯：我邀請的男孩中有幾個沒有來。
析：應刪去them，因爲從句的賓語是省略了的whom，who或that。 ?
2.誤：The book that you need it is in the library.
正：The book that you need is in the library.
譯：你需要的書在圖書館裏。
析：應刪去it，因爲從句的賓語是關係代詞that。
二、把定語從句謂語動詞的單、複數弄錯。如：
1.誤：Anyone who break the law will be punished.
正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
譯：任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。
析：應改break爲breaks，因爲who指anyone，是單數。 ?
2.誤：Those who has finished may go home.
正：Those who have finished may go home.
譯：做完了的人現在可以回家。
析：應改has爲have，因爲who指those，是複數。 ?
3.誤：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.
正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.
譯：他是我們學校中唯一懂法語的人。
析：應改know爲knows，因爲one前有the only之類限定詞，定語從句在意義上修飾 的是the only one，是單數，而不是複數名詞the teachers。 ?
4.誤：This is one of the rooms that is free now.
正：This is one of the rooms that are free now.
譯：這是目前空着的房間之一。
析：應改is爲are，因爲one前沒有the only之類的限定詞，定語從句在意義上修飾的是名詞複數the rooms，而不是單數one。
三、誤省略了定語從句中作主語的關係代詞。如：
1.誤：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.
正：Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.
譯：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齒不好。
析：應加上關係代詞who或that，因爲從句少主語，且主語不能省略。 ?
2.誤：The key opens the bike is missing.
正：The key that/which opens the bike is missing.
譯：開這輛自行車的鑰匙不見了。
析：應加上關係代詞that或which，因爲從句少主語，且主語不能省略。
四、定語從句中加了多餘的關係副詞或介詞。如：
1.誤：The house where he lives in needs repairing.
正：The house where he lives needs repairing.
或：The house he lives in needs repairing.
譯：他住的房子需要修理。
析：應保留where，刪去從句中的in，因爲關係副詞where在從句中作地點狀語，in屬多餘。或刪去關係副詞where，因爲where在這裏的意思是in which，否則介詞in就重複了。
2.誤：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.
正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.
譯：我仍記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景。
析：應刪去on，因爲when在這裏的意思是on which，否則介詞on就重複了，或把when改爲which。 ?
五、在作先行詞的時間名詞或地點名詞後錯用了關係代詞或關係副詞。
1.誤：I still remember the day when we spent together.
正：I still remember the day that/which we spent together.
譯：我仍記得我們在一起度過的日子。
析：應改when爲that或which，因爲從句中謂語動詞spent是及物動詞，其後應跟賓語而不是時間狀語。 ?
2.誤：This is the house where we lived in last year.
正：This is the house which/that we lived in last year.
譯：這是我們去年住過的那個房子。
析：應改where爲which或that，因爲從句謂語動詞lived後有介詞in，其後少介詞賓語，而不是地點狀語。
六、在先行詞reason後錯用關係副詞why。如：
1.誤：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?
正：Have you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence?
譯：你是否向他問過可以解釋他缺席的原因?
析：應改why爲that或which，因爲定語從句缺少主語，而不是少原因狀語。 2.誤：I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late.
正：I don’t believe the reason that/which he has given for his being late.
譯：我不相信他所提供的他遲到的原因。
析：應改why爲that或which，因爲從句謂語動詞has given後缺少賓語，而不是缺少原因狀語 。
七、誤將強調句型當定語從句。如：
1.誤：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.
正：It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.
譯：大火發生在廚房。
析：應將where改that，因爲原句還原爲The fire broke out in the kitchen後，在語法和句意上均成立，故此題是強調句型，而非定語從句。 ?
2.誤：Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come?
正：Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come?
譯：你是否因昨晚下雪而沒有來?
析：應將when改爲that，因爲，原句還原爲Because it snowed last night，you didn"t come後，在語法和句意上均成立，故此題是強調句型而非定語從句。
2.誤：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.
正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.
譯：我仍記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景。
析：應刪去on，因爲when在這裏的意思是on which，否則介詞on就重複了，或把when改爲which。
