雅思寫作如何列舉論據
在雅思寫作大作文考試中，要求大家針對所給出的題目來表達自己的觀點。不僅如此，我們還需要通過一些論證論據來補充說明我們的觀點，這樣才能讓我們整個的寫作更有說服力，更加生動。接下來小編來給大家分享一下如何運用這些論據讓自己的表達更有說服力，一起來了解一下。
雅思寫作如何列舉論據
(一)侷限於自己或朋友的例子。此類例子往往缺乏客觀性和說服力，由於人稱的侷限導致所敘述事件難免“雞毛蒜皮”。要明白，個人不代表整體。
例：I keep my dog to avoid my loneliness and I find a lot of fun.
這樣的例子讓人猶如在看記敘文，和議論文很不搭調。
(二)引用過多數據。太多專業數據會給人捏造的痕跡，缺乏真實性。考官會質疑數據的出處。
例：A survey indicates that the number of people smoking has increased to as high as 65 percent in China.(一項調查顯示。。。)
"65%"讓文章看起來有些假，有捏造的嫌疑。"A survey"又不夠具有代表性。
(三)中國式的例子。一個國家同樣難代表世界。雅思是international的考試，不應將範圍框的太侷限。此外考官來自各個國家，過分使用一個國家的例子會引起他們的反感。
例：Many children in China like to play computer games for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.
只需小小改動便可成爲成功範例。
因此，首先考生應瞭解，舉例是一種常見的論述方式，特別在論述某一些比較抽象的話題的時候(比如文化類或跟藝術相關的話題)。但是，並不是每個段落都需要例證法，舉例過多或過分牽強會影響文章的正式感，甚至給考官喋喋不休的感覺。
舉例是爲了更加形象地敘述事情。提醒考生們要注意以下原則：
(一) 要來源於生活，要具有生動的論述效果。不能過於空洞，也不能脫離現時，否則就失去了舉例的意義。
(二) 要客觀表達。雖然來源於身邊社會，但不可讓描述方式變的太雞毛蒜皮，拿不上臺面。其實這點非常容易辦到，只需要把事件中某一個具體的你，我，他，變成是客觀羣體，比如說people across the globe, students, they之類的人稱即可。
舉例的常見表達方式：
for example,/for instance,(後加句子)
Such as/ like (後加詞組)
Take... as an example,
A case in point is that......
雅思寫作常見題材歸類整理
一、教育類：
A 理論與實踐
1 知識和經驗的重要性
2 爲什麼要上大學
3 大學理論和實踐課程的關係
4 成功人士所需素質是不是必須從大學或相似的科研學術機構中學習
5 高中畢業的學生是否應該在去大學前要工作或旅遊一年
6 高中生評估和挑戰老師，會不會沒有尊重沒有紀律性
B 男女生問題
7 大學專業招收的學生男女比例是否應該協調
8 男女分校的利弊
二、 體育活動類：
1 學生花時間練習體育運動的利與弊/該不該。
2 體育活動造成競爭而非合作是否應該提倡
3 體育盛事是否有利於緩解世界緊張局勢，維護世界和平
三、語言類
1 怎樣說服他人學習自己母語
2 英語流行的利弊
3 英語和國際旅遊業的流行會不會導致小語種和小民族的傷害
4 機器翻譯的推進是否導致不必學外語
四、新聞廣告類
1 人們是否只應閱讀真實事件或人物
2 是否新聞的真實性和好的工作者的素質
3廣告的利弊
五、青少年類
1學生變異行爲或態度的原因和改善
2 家庭小孩的懲罰教育是否有效
3 學生壓力是否很大
4 父母是否應該限制小孩看電視玩遊戲，應該看書學習
5兒童的性格來自先天還是後天培養
6 兒童要學會競爭還是合作
7 課餘參加有償勞動是否提倡
六、老年人類
1 我們這一輩人和上輩人區別的重要方式
2 公司55歲的老人是否應該退休讓位給年青人
3 年青人比老年人社會地位高的原因和改善
七、科技與傳統類
1 電腦電視錄相等是否替代書籍成爲傳媒和教育的工具
2 電腦的普及是否會取代老師的教育
3 建立博物館的目的和手段
4 網絡的普及影響到生活中家庭成員或是朋友之間的親密關係
5 科學技術的發展有多大的潛在危機
6 技術發展是否影響娛樂習慣和減少創造力
7 生命工程中的器官移植和試管嬰兒等是否不人道
八、金錢類
1 人類登月類似研究浪費金錢和時間麼
2 醫生應以救人爲主,不論病人之貧和利益
1 向朋友借錢會否影響友誼及其原因。
2 花錢買東西或用東西交換的各自好處，你喜歡哪種?
3 體育專業是否應該拿錢比其它重要的專業多
九、國家政府類
1 政府是否應該重視傳統和藝術
2 發展中國家是應該致力於發展本國的科技研究還是發展人文教育
3 政府花錢在藝術上還是其他事情上
4 政府財政支持在科學上還是語言商業上
5 你的國家城鄉差距大的原因和解決
6 電影教給你其他國家的哪些概況
7 富國是否應該幫助窮國
8 你的國家和其他地方有何相似，怎樣相似
10 政府是否該爲母親工作提供幫助和資源
11 國外工作一段時期對個人和國家有何影響
十、變革類
1 發明什麼是你的願望
2 改變家鄉的一個重要舉措
3 新千年是否世界變化的機會和你希望怎樣變化
4人類爲什麼變得長壽
十一、環境類
1 怎樣改進地區公園或國家公園
2 動物做寵物還是人類消費必須品
3 化學農業和經濟作物的趨勢對土地和動物的影響
4 該不該保護野生動物資源
5 是否應該關閉動物園
6小轎車是否利大於弊
7 吸菸是否應該非法化
8 一個國家和城市的環境保護是應該由個人，團體(公司)和政府來共同承擔
十二、犯罪類
1 罰款是不是制止犯罪的必要因素
2 對殺人犯的刑罰
3 犯罪者應入獄還是再教育.再適應
4 年輕女人犯罪率升高的原因和舉措。
5 該不該親自制止犯罪、正當防衛的限度
6 青少年犯罪與父母教育
7 住宅的保安由政府還是建築商控制負責
十三、個人看法類
1 擁有土地後怎樣運用
2 喜歡親自動手還是喜歡機器
3 獨處還是和朋友相處
4 玩遊戲是否一定要贏
5 安樂死是否會合法化
6遊客是否遵從當地風俗
7 墮胎應該提倡還是非人道
8 對現在工作壓力大閒暇時間少的看法
9名人是否因隱私付出代價及是否應該擁有此權
10工作需要的轉變和自身適應
雅思寫作9分範文：汽油價格和控制交通污染
Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve traffic and pollution. What extend do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think more effective?
Bad traffic and increasing pollution are thorny issues challenging every major city in the globe. To combat such problems, government encourages companies to mark up gas price in an effort to decrease car use and cut down waste gas. However it may temporarily alleviate the problem, but is doubtfully the optimal solution.
First of all, consumers and economy would be victimized by such measures. The number of cars in a country directly depends on the proportion of the population affluent enough to own cars. As a result, raises in gas price could invoke hard feelings among this segment of people but would not drastically change their behavior in using cars. Even if the number of cars on road is reduced due to higher gas cost, this is not the best way to solve traffic problems. Such policy would hurt the auto industry, place higher costs on current and prospect car owners, and undermine the economy of a nation. In the long run, the final way out could be the construction of better roads and more effective use of available transport facilities.
Secondly, there is evidence that waste gas from cars is not the leading cause of air pollution. The culprit may be the discharge of polluting substances into the atmosphere due to the rapidly growing manufacturing industry. As a result, reduction of the number of cars would not return us a blue sky and fresh air. We could better handle this problem if we could increase control over industrial waste discharge and adopt more environmental friendly materials and production equipment.
Finally, other measures like the application of cheaper and cleaner energy resources could also be a better solution. For example, we now have the ability to make cell-powered or even solar-powered cars. Such energy is completely clean and plentiful. However we still have a very long way to go to turn such technologically possible into affordable and practical products.
To conclude, it is not the best way to control traffic and pollution by increasing gas price because such action will hurt consumers and economy without achieving what it is aimed for. Measures such as construction of better transport facilities and development of new energy resources could be more effective solutions.
雅思寫作9分範文點評：警察佩戴槍支
Unlike most countries, the police in the United Kingdom do not normally carry guns. Some people think it leaves the citizens unprotected, while others believe that this practice reduces the overall violence in society. Discuss both views and use your own experience and evidence.
Unlike most countries, the police in the United Kingdom do not normally carry guns. Some people think it leaves citizens unprotected, while others believe that this practi c e reduces the overall violence in ce having guns however is an issue secondary to criminals having guns. (45words)
結構分析： 2+ 1 ’ 模式，最後一句爲主題句，明確地表達了自己的觀點。但是，前兩句的問題很嚴重，即照抄了題目。(這可能是我和老外沒有溝通好，在他所寫的所有例文中都出現了類似的情況，大家千萬不要學!!!)
Because criminals usually have access to guns, police officers need them in order to control police in the U.K. are able to go without guns and not have crime getting completely out of control then they have already set a fine example that other countries should follow. The fact that they are able to do this is an indication of their ability to control the flow of guns to the general populace and this makes citizens safer than anything else. To a civilian, taking guns away from criminals is more important than giving them to police. (98words)
For places that are not able to, or are unwilling to control this availability of guns to criminals, police have no tries with weak or ineffective gun laws, or countries bordering such countries, like Mexico which has strong gun laws, but virtually no way to prevent them from being smuggled over the border from the U.S., need a police force that is not only armed, but is armed better than the criminals. This ‘domestic arms race’ is the fate of any country that does not realize that civilians have no need of being armed and should have no access to weapons whatsoever.(103words)
The root of the problem is embarrassingly corrupt governments and ineffective half-measures taken to control the circulation of guns, which allows criminals to easily come into possession of ons around the world should hope to someday reach the point where their police force can afford not to carry guns and still be effective. (54words)
文章後幾段結構比較清晰，未加點評，紅色部分爲段落主題句。
