高中英語短文改錯答題方法
短文改錯對考生的要求較高，是對語言知識綜合運用能力的考查，檢測考生髮現、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力，進而考查學生的詞法、句法及行文邏輯等方面的水平。考生在該項上往往失分較多，對該題感到束手無策。那麼怎樣找錯誤就成了解題的關鍵。現在分享一下短文改錯題型的答題技巧。
短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則
1. 句中各部分的結構是否完整，特別是每個句子要有動詞；
2. 謂語動詞的時態、語態；
3. 非謂語動詞的用法；
4. 名詞的單、複數，格的使用是否正確；
5. 定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確；
6. 代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤；
7. 定語從句中關係代詞、關係副詞是否準確無誤；
8. 並列句中的並列連詞、主從複合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當。
短文改錯解題四原則
改動以最少爲原則；虛詞以添加或刪除爲原則；實詞以改變詞形爲原則；以保持句子原意爲原則。
短文改錯解題步驟：
通讀全文，掌握大意；整句分析，逐行推敲；反覆通讀，複查驗證。
解題注意要點和能力培養
1. 覈對錯項時，若的確有一時難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動項是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一詞1個，缺詞1個，錯詞8個。
2. 覈對改正的語法項目是否有重複。因爲短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會出現重複考查某個語法點的現象。
3. 覈對答題符號是否規範，位置是否準確，看看有無遺漏符號、忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。
短文改錯常見錯誤類型
1. 謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點，常見動詞錯誤類型有①一般現在時與一般過去時錯用；②and前後動詞時態不一致；③主謂不一致；④缺少動詞，特別是be動詞；⑤第三人稱單數形式錯用；⑥主動語態和被動語態錯用。
They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. (did改爲do，錯誤類型屬於①)
As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting改爲visited，錯誤類型屬於②)
One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. (was改爲were，錯誤類型屬於③)
There will an important game next month. (will後加be，錯誤類型屬於④)
2. 名詞的常見錯誤：單複數名詞錯用，可數名詞與不可數名詞錯用。
I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject改爲subjects)
Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word改爲words)
Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改爲knowledge)
3. 冠詞錯誤：誤用a和an（根據單詞的第一個音素來判定）；誤用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠詞或少冠詞）
We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a改爲the，the same是固定搭配)
As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可數名詞需用冠詞，所以其前加a)
I hope you have pleasant journey. (journey是可數名詞，故have後加a)
4. 形容詞和副詞錯誤：系動詞（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官性動詞（smell/feel）後用形容詞；詞性的誤用（形容詞修飾名詞；副詞修飾動詞和形容詞）。
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名詞，要用形容詞wonderful修飾)
My pronunciation was terribly. (was後用形容詞，terribly改爲terrible)
5. 代詞錯誤：代詞的主格和賓格（I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them）錯誤；反身代詞（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使用錯誤；代詞的單數和複數使用錯誤；代詞指代錯誤；多代詞或少代詞。
Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me改爲myself)
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (to前加it)
If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other後加-s)
What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改爲them)
6. 非謂語動詞的常見錯誤：不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時；and連接的不定式或動名詞前後不一致；介詞後用動名詞形式作賓語；某些動詞後要求接動名詞或不定式。
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy後需接動名詞，talk改爲talking)
But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go作主語，應改爲going)
Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介詞後用動名詞形式作賓語，read改爲reading)
I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and連接的動名詞前後不一致，故saw改爲seeing)
7. 介詞錯誤：詞組中的介詞誤用；介詞意思理解偏差；介詞的多用或少用。
There are too many people among my family. (among改爲in，in my family爲固定搭配)
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at，the moment引導從句)
