高中英語語法總結
懂一點語法，在英語閱讀方面的理解會更加透徹。下面是本站小編給大家整理的高中英語語法的相關知識，供大家參閱!
一.概念:
助動詞是幫助主要動詞構成各種時態,語態,語氣以及否定或疑問結構的動詞.助動詞分爲時態助動詞和結構助動詞兩種.
二.相關知識點精講:
1. 助動詞be的用法
1) be +現在分詞，構成進行時態。例如：
They are having a meeting. 他們正在開會。
English is becoming more and more important. 英語現在越來越重要。
2) be + 過去分詞，構成被動語態。例如：
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗戶是湯姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英語。
3) be + 動詞不定式，可表示下列內容：
a. 表示最近、未來的計劃或安排。例如：
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下週要去紐約。
We are to teach the freshmen. 我們要教新生。
說明： 這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時態表達法。
b. 表示命令。例如：
You are to explain this. 對此你要做出解釋。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午來辦公室。
c. 徵求意見。例如：
How am I to answer him? 我該怎樣答覆他?
Who is to go there? 誰該去那兒呢?
d. 表示相約、商定。例如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合。
2. 助動詞have的用法
1)have +過去分詞，構成完成時態。例如：
He has left for London. 他已去了倫敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未爲止，他們已經完成工作的一半。
2)have + been +現在分詞，構成完成進行時。例如：
I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在學英語，已達十年之久。
3)have +been +過去分詞，構成完成式被動語態。例如：
English has been taught in China for many years. 中國教英語已經多年。
3.助動詞do 的用法
1)構成一般疑問句。例如：
Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通過大學英語測試嗎?
Did you study German? 你們學過德語嗎?
2)do + not 構成否定句。例如：
I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批評。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想學習。
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.
過去，好多學生不知道英語的重要性。
3) 構成否定祈使句。例如：
Don't go there. 不要去那裏。
Don't be so absent-minded. 不要這麼心不在焉。
說明： 構成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。
4)放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣。例如：
Do come to my birthday party. 一定來參加我的生日宴會。
I did go there. 我確實去那兒了。
I do miss you. 我確實想你。
5)用於倒裝句。例如：
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我從未聽說過這樣的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 進了大學以後，我們才認識到英語的重要性。
說明： 引導此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
6)用作代動詞。例如：
---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜歡北京嗎?
---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜歡。(do用作代動詞，代替like Beijing.)
He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何開車，對吧?
4. 助動詞shall和will的用法
shall和will作爲助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構成一般將來時。例如：
I shall study harder at English. 我將更加努力地學習英語。
He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
說明：在過去的語法中，語法學家說shall用於第一人稱，will 只用於第二、第三人稱。現在，尤其是在口語中，will常用於第一人稱，但shall只用於第一人稱，如用於第二、第三人稱，就失去助動詞的意義，已變爲情態動詞，試比較:
He shall come. 他必須來。(shall有命令的意味。)
He will come. 他要來。(will只與動詞原形構成一般將來時。)
5.助動詞should, would的用法
1)should無詞義，只是shall的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，只用於第一人稱。例如：
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話，問他我下週幹什麼。
比較："What shall I do next week?" I asked. "我下週幹什麼?"我問道。
可以說，shall變成間接引語時，變成了should。
2) would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，用於第二、第三人稱。例如：
He said he would come. 他說他要來。
比較："I will go," he said. 他說："我要去那兒。"變成間接引語，就成了He said he would come。原來的will變成would，go變成了come.。
6. 短語動詞
動詞加小品構成的起動詞作用的短語叫短語動詞。例如：
Turn off the radio. 把收音機關上。(turn off是短語動詞)
短語動詞的構成基本有下列幾種：
1)動詞+副詞，如：black out;
2)動詞+介詞，如：look into;
3)動詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構成短語動詞的副詞和介詞都統稱爲小品詞
高中英語語法：情態動詞一.概念:
情態動詞是表示能力,義務,必須,猜測等說話人的語氣或情態的動詞.
二.相關知識點精講:
1)表能力
can表能力時意味着憑體力或腦力或技術等可以無甚阻力地去做某事。
I can climb this pole. 我能爬這根杆子。
He is only four , but he can read. 他只有4歲，但已認得字了。
Fire can’t destroy gold. 火燒不毀金子。
因爲can不能和其他助動詞連用，所以表示將來式時用will be able to
You will be able to skate after you have practiced it two or three times.
你練習兩三次後就會溜冰了。
2)表可能性
多用於否定與疑問結構中，但也可用在肯定句中。
Can the news be true? 這消息可能是真的嗎?
It can’t be true. 它不可能是真的。
What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什麼意思?
can 用在肯定句中表示理論上的可能性(一時的可能)。
A horse in the center of London can cost a lot of money.
Attending the ball can be very exciting.
The road can be blocked. 這條路可能會不通的。
may 在肯定句中表示現實的可能性。
The road may be blocked. 這條路可能不通了。
3)表示允許(和may意思相近)常見於口語。
Can (May) I come in ? 我能進來嗎?
Can I smoke here ? 我可以在這裏抽菸嗎?
d的用法
1)表過去的可能和許可，(多用於間接引語中)
At that time we thought the story could not be true.
那時我們認爲所說的事不可能是真的。
Father said I could swim in the river.
爸爸說我可以在河裏游泳。
2)表過去的能力
I could swim when I was only six.
我剛六歲就能游泳。
Could在肯定句中表示過去的能力時，常表抽象的一般的能力。
He could be very naughty when he was a child.
他小時候會是很頑皮的。
3)表“允許”。可表示委婉客氣的提出問題或陳述看法
Could I use your bike?
Yes, you can.
他會記得那時嗎?
I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer today.
恐怕我今天不能回答你。
The teacher said you could go to the store for sweets.
老師說你可以去商店買糖。
3)Could/can+have done 結構表示對過去發生的事情的“懷疑”或“不肯定”。 could 加完成式還用於肯定句時一般表過去可能完成而卻未完成的動作。
Can they have won the basketball match?
他們贏了那場籃球賽嗎?
What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.
你剛剛所談到的可能令他很傷心。
You could have completed the task a little earlier.
你本來能早點完成任務的。(但事實上並沒有提前完成任務)
I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.
我本可以輕易通過考試，但我犯了太多不該犯的錯誤。
如表具體做某一件事的能力時，則須用 be able to .
He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.
他可以不用詞典翻譯那篇文章。
Can表示一貫的能力 ，be able to表示客觀能力和通過努力可以達到的能力
I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.
The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out
When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank
的用法
1)表示請求、可以、允許。
You may drive the tractor. 你可以開那臺拖拉機。
2)當回答由may 引起的問題時，否定答語要用must not,表示“不許可”、“不應該”、“不行”。
May I come in?
Yes, you may.
No,you can’t
No, you may not .
No ,you mustn’t
No ,you’d better not.
3) may /might 推測性用法 可能
He may be right.
He may not come today (可能不)
He may /might come tomorrow.
, 注意: 1只用於肯定和否定句中,不用於疑問句中。
2 might 比may可能性更小
He might get a job.
He may get a job.
3 may no 可能不 can not不可能
He may not come
He can’t come
3)表建議(可和as well 連用)
You may(might)as well stay where you are.
你還是原地待着好。(may as well 有“還是……的好”的含義)
4)表祝願
May you be happy!
might
1)表過去的“可能”和“允許”多用於間接引語。
She said that he might take her dictionary.
她說他可以拿她的詞典去用。
除在間接引語中外，might一般不表示過去的“可能”與“許可”。表過去的“可能”可用could，表過去的“許可”可用were (was) allowed to。
2)表現在的“可能”，其可能性要比may小。
Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock.
電熨斗會有危險，它可能電着人。
3)may (might) + have +done 表示對過去發生行爲的推測，含有“想必”、“也許是”的意思。
It may have been true. 這事也許是真的。
He might not have settled the question. 他可能尚未解決那個問題。
的主要用法。
1)表示必須、必要
We must do everything step by step .我們必須按部就班地做一切事情。
Why must you always bother me? 爲什麼你偏要打擾我呢。
2)must be + 表語的結構，通常表示猜測，含有“一定”之意。(只用在肯定句中)
He must be an honest boy. 他一定是個誠實的男孩。
This must be your room. 這一定是你的房間。
3)must 的否定式有兩個：當回答由must引起的問題時，否定答覆要用needn’t或don’t have to 表示“不必”、“無須”、“用不着”、“不一定”的意義。當表示“不應該”、“不許可”、“禁止”時，就用must not。
Must I go tomorrow?明天我必須去嗎?
Yes, please.是的，請吧!
No , you needn’t. 不，你不必去。
4)must +have +過去分詞的結構，常用在肯定句中，表示對過去發生行爲的推測，含有“一定”、“準是”的意思。否定和疑問句用can。
She must have studied English before.她以前一定學過英語。
to的含義與must是很接近的,只是have to 比較強調客觀需要，must着重說明主觀看法。
I must clean the room.(主觀想法)
I have to clean the room.(客觀需要)
另外，have to 能用於更多時態：
We had to be there at ten .我們得在十點鐘到那裏。
We will have to reconsider the whole thing.
這一切我們將不得不重新加以考慮。
have to 的否定式：don’t have to do 表示“不必做……”之意。
t to 的用法
Ought to 後接動詞原形，表義務，但不及must 那樣具有信心，如：
You don’t look well. You ought to go to see the doctor.
你氣色不好，應該去看病。
Ought to 用於否定句，其否定形式可縮略爲oughtn’t ，如：
You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不應該抽這麼多煙。
也可以用於疑問句，如：
Ought you to smoke so much?你應該抽這樣多煙嗎?
Ought to 在間接引語中表過去時形式不變，如：
He said you ought to tell the police.
他說你應該去報告警察。
l的用法
1)用於第一人稱徵求對方的意見，如：
What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什麼好呢?
Shall we dance? 我們跳舞好嗎?
2)shall 用於第二、三人稱時表允諾，警告，命令，威脅(現已少見)，如：
She shall get her share. 她可以得到她的一份。
You shall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以將它拿回。
情態動詞should一般不應被認爲是情態動詞shall的過去式，主要用法有：
1)用於第一人稱疑問句中詢問對方的意願，但語氣較委婉溫和，如：
What should we do now? 我們現在該怎麼辦?
2)表示應該、必須，常與must 換用。例如：
We should (must) master a foreign language at least.
我們應當至少掌握一門外語。
3)“should+be+表語”的結構，表示推測或驚奇。例如：
They should be back by now. 他們現在應該回來了吧。
I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遺憾她竟會那樣粗心。
4)“should+have+過去分詞”的結構，表示過去該做而實際上尚未做的動作或行爲;其否定則表示發生了不應該發生的行爲。其同義結構“ought to have +過去分詞”,表示過去“早應該”、“本當”之意，語氣較強。例如：
I should have thought of that. 這一點我是應當想到的。(但沒想到)
They should not have left so soon.他們不應當走得這麼早。(但已走了)
5) 在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中，主語從句中的謂語動詞要用should +動詞原形”表示“理所當然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“驚異”等的意思。在lest(以免)、for fear (that) (以防)、in case(以備萬一)等之後也要用should+動詞原形;在advise, sugest, order, demand, request 等的從句中should+do”例如：
It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.
有必要馬上派他到那裏去。
It is strange that he should say so. 他會說這樣的話真是奇怪。
Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train.
我們馬上走吧，以免趕不上火車。
和would的用法
1)表示意志，決心或願望。例如：
Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.
我們一定要支持全世界人民爭取和平的鬥爭。
He would not let me try it . 他不肯讓我去試。
2)will表示經常性、習慣性、傾向性，would表示過去的習慣行爲。
He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
他會經常一連幾個小時坐在那兒觀看來往的車輛。
He would come to see me when he was in Beijing.
他在北京時，常來看望我。
3)用於第二人稱作主語的疑問句中，表示對對方的請求，would的語氣比will委碗
Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 請問到火車站怎麼走?
4)表可能性
This will be the book you are looking for.
這可能就是你要找的書。
She eould be about 60 when she died.
他死時大概60歲。
9. need和dare的用法
情態動詞need 實義動詞 need
現 You need (not) do You (don’t) need to do
在
時 He need (not) do He needs (doesn’t need) to do
過 You needed (didn’t need) to do
去
時 He needed (didn’t need) to do
將 You need (not) do You will (not) need to do
來
時 He need (not) do He will (not) need to do
句型 時態 動詞
情態動詞dare 實義動詞 dare
肯定句 現在時 dare to 少用 dare/dares to do
過去時 dare to 少用 dared to do
否定句 現在時 daren’t/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do
過去時 dared not do did not dare (to) do
疑問句 現在時 Dare he do? Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
過去時 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do
needn’t have v-ed 表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要， 意爲“本沒必要…”。例如：
You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today
10.表推測的情態動詞句子的反意疑問句
He must/may be in the room, isn’t he?
He can’t be in the room, is he?
He must have finished the work, hasn’t he?
He may have done the work last night, didn’t he?
：情態動詞+行爲動詞進行式
情態動詞+行爲動詞進行式(即情態動詞+ be + v-ing形式)，表示推測或評論某動作現在是否正在進行。例如：
1)He must be playing basketball in the room.
2)She may be staying at home.
11.情態動詞+行爲動詞完成進行式
情態動詞+行爲動詞完成進行式(即情態動詞+ have been + v-ing 形式)，表示推測或評論過去某動作是否正在進行或一直在進行。例如：
1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
to +v, be used to +v-ing和be used to +v
(1)used to +v意爲“過去常常”，“過去一直”;be used to +v-ing / n(名詞)意爲“習慣於”;be used to +v意爲“被用來(做某事)”。
(2)used to只表示過去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示現在、過去或將來。例如：
1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.
2)He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.
3)The knife is used to cut bread.
13.用作情態動詞的其他短語
would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情態動詞。例如：
1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3)I’d rather walk than take a bus.
4)If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注：這些短語後一般直接跟動詞原形d (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon後可跟that 引導的從句，that 常省去，從句要用虛擬語氣。對現在和將來的假設用過去時，對過去的假設用過去完成時。例如：
1)I would rather you came on Sunday.
2)I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday.
高中英語語法：分詞一.概念:
分詞分爲現在分詞和過去分詞兩種,是一種非謂語動詞形式
二.相關知識點精講:
1.現在分詞的用法：
1) 做表語：
he was very amusing.
that book was rather boring.
很多動詞的現在分詞都可以作表語：
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2) 作定語：
上面所出現的現在分詞都可以用作定語, 修飾一個名詞：
that must have been a terrifying experience.
i found him a charming person.
現在分詞短語還可以放在名詞的後面修飾名詞, 相當於一個定語從句：
there are a few boys swimming in the river.
there is a car waiting outside.
3) 作狀語：
現在分詞短語可以表示一個同時發生的次要的或伴隨的動作：
following tom, we started to climb the mountain.
opening the drawer, he took out a box.
taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
現在分詞短語還可以表示原因, 相當於一個原因狀語從句：
not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.
現在分詞短語還可以表示時間, 相當於一個時間狀語從句：
hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
returning home, he began to do his homework.
jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
be careful when crossing the road.
having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
having finished her work, she went home.
4)作賓補：
現在分詞在一些動詞之後可以做賓語的補語：
例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.
i see him passing my house every day.
i caught him stealing things in that shop.
i smelt something burning.
she kept him working all day.
2.過去分詞的用法：
1) 作表語：
we were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
she felt confused, and even frightened.
they were very pleased with the girl.
i’m satisfied with your answer.
he is not interested in research.
2) 作定語：
she has a pleased look on her face.
the teacher gave us a satisfied smile.
cooked food a written report
fried eggs boiled water
frozen food armed forces
required courses fallen leaves
finished products a forced smile
the risen sun new arrived visitors
what’s the language spoken in that country?
they’re problem left over by history.
the play put on by the teachers was a big success.
is there anybody injured?
do you know the number of books ordered?
3)作狀語：
seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
given good health, i hope to finish the work this year.
they came in, followed by some children.
depressed, he went to see his elder sister.
when treated with kindness, he was very amiable.
4)作賓補：
過去分詞也同樣可以作賓語的補語， 接在某些動詞後面
i will have the clothes washed tomorrow.
when they get back home, they found the room robbed.
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