怎樣解答閱讀中的細節題
閱讀理解是考研英語的重中之重，與四六級對閱讀速度的側重有所不同，考研英語閱讀理解更多地是考查精讀能力。因此，把文章讀透吃透很重要，同時在做題過程中要拿捏好分寸，在判斷正確選項時做到不偏不倚，客觀、準確、公正。這纔是做好2016考研英語閱讀理解的正確之道。
考研英語閱讀理解中細節考查題達到閱讀總題量的60%-70%。根據這一數據，如果我們在閱讀中，能夠快速準確拿下細節題，那麼不但能夠在閱讀中取得較高的分數，而且能爲寫作留出給多的時間。既然細節題在考研英語中如此重要，我們應該怎樣去解這類題型呢?
首先我們應該鎖定細節題在原文中的位置，一般可以通過題幹中出現的人物、時間、段落提示語等關鍵詞確定原文中的答案區間，進而找到關鍵語句。然 後把原文與題目中的選項進行比對，選擇與原文意思比較接近的並且符合題目要求的選項，正確選項一般是對原文內容的同義替換。而這主要是通過詞彙的變換來實 現的，包括1.原詞重現;2.同近義詞替換;3.反義詞替換;4.上下義詞替換。下面我們通過歷年真題來看一下如何利用詞彙技法來解答閱讀中的細節題。
1.原詞重現
The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical.。。”(2005 T 2)
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________。
[A] a protector
[B] a judge
[C] a critic
[D] a guide
在找這道題的原文區間時，我們首先要鎖定題幹中的專有名詞Bruce Alberts, 然後去原文中找對應的段落和句子。通過分析science does provide us with the best available guide，即爲science can serve as a guide. 選項guide爲原文中的詞彙。
2.同近義詞替換
(1)Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. (2014 Text 1)
rding to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel
[A]uneasy
分析：鎖定原文第三自然段，being unemployed 即爲losing the job, uneasy是embarrassing的同義替換。
(2)What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. (2014 Text 1)
33. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?
[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers。
分析：題幹中prompt爲motivate的同義詞，選項中passion爲zeal的同義替換。
同近義詞替換在題乾和選項中出現的頻率較高，大家在記憶詞彙的時候需要了解常考詞彙的同近義詞。
3.反義詞替換
In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. (2014 Text 1)
31. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to
[B] encourage jobseekers’active engagement in job seeking。
分析：reduce dependency即爲encourage active engagement, active engagement是dependency的反義詞。
4.上下義詞替換
As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years。
Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as
[D] a handsome reward for researchers。
分析：題幹中The Fundamental Physics Prize是a string of lucrative awards中的一種，The Fundamental Physics Prize是award的下義詞。另外，handsome爲lucrative的同義詞。
通過考研閱讀真題的分析，大家應該對考研中如何利用詞彙技法來選擇正確答案，例如原詞重現、近反義詞、上下義詞等詞彙的考察和運用有了更深的瞭解。希望大家在以後的考研英語閱讀中，多運用這些詞彙技法進行解題，你會發現閱讀其實也很“簡單”。
