2017下半年筆譯二級真題解析（英譯漢第二篇）

Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat against environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and ...viable role for every member in the world.. production .health education in developing countries. But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs, habitude and people.

原文加黑部分不完整。答案只能作爲參考。

local customs, habitude and people.這類內容一定要逐字分析，不要出現意義空白，

But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. 本句中的idea和nature都要根據漢語習慣進行有效調整，以達到通順的目的。

本句參考譯文：

許多國家紛紛制定可持續發展戰略，以便應對廣大發展中國家所面臨的環境惡化問題，保障空氣質量、水質和生產安全，實踐證明，衛生教育對推動世界各國的發展具有切實可行性。但有人認爲，可持續發展的概念不夠明晰，淪爲部分組織謀取自身利益的工具，將所有環境和經濟問題都變成了利益問題。還有人認爲，發展中國家在實施可持續發展戰略過程中，時常會忽視當地風俗、習慣和民生問題。

Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal.

本句用詞非常儉省，句式較短，容易產生誤理尤其是類似於war necessitates這類比較正式的用法，一定要在反覆推敲的基礎上，通過調整主語的方式，產生比較通順的譯文。

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在和平年代，各國之間需要相互依存，戰爭時期，各國又必須相互競爭，追求獨立。關稅和進口限制政策有助於增強本國經濟活力，同時削弱敵國的經濟增長潛力。此外，戰爭條件下對武器製造業採取保護主義極爲必要，因爲對於他國的武器依賴可能會導致致命後果。

For the most part, eco-nomists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy.

free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business,這類句子都屬於經濟學當中常用的口語化表達，需要找到在中文中的對應說法。

 displaced workers and resources原文一個修飾詞在譯文中變成了兩個，體現出處理的靈活和地道性，應該在翻譯中注意。

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經濟學家多半強調保護主義的負面效應，認爲保護主義削弱了國際貿易，擡升了消費價格。不僅如此，受到貿易保護的本土企業往往喪失了創新動力。雖然自由貿易會將缺乏競爭力的公司淘汰出局，但失業工人和閒置資源會配置到經濟的其它領域。

Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countries often use this argument to justify their restrictions on foreign goods.

help a new industry thrive locally各國爲了扶持本國新產業的發展壯大，這類句子說法很多，但要注意表達的正式程度。

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設定限額是貿易保護手段之一，在此情況下，不論國外企業商品定價多低，都不能超額進口貨物。各國爲了扶持本國新產業的發展壯大，通常會對進口產品設定限額。這些國家認爲，此類限制有助於新產業實體充分提升自身競爭優勢，提高商品生產效率。發展中國家常常以這一觀點作爲對國外產品實施限制的藉口。

Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown

這一段落較爲簡單，主要注意名詞的處理，

Purpose

Reduction

Reduction

這些詞在處理時都可以按照漢語的習慣轉成動詞。

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貿易主義政策通常旨在爲本土工人創造就業崗位。在限額政策行業內運作的公司只僱傭當地工人。限額政策的另一缺點是由於缺乏國國外公司競爭，國內產品的質量因此下降。由於缺乏競爭，本土企業往往不願增加創新投入，也不想改變產品與服務質量。國內商家在提高效率和降低價格方面缺乏動力。這樣一下，消費者們最終花更多的錢去購買國外競爭對手產品與服務。本土企業一旦喪失競爭力，就被迫要把工作外包出去。從長遠來看，增加保護主義通常會導致企業裁員，引起經濟衰退。