雅思閱讀材料大集合：女性愛在社交網上說謊假裝過得精彩
要考好雅思的閱讀部分，肯定需要多加練習。爲了方便大家備考，下面小編給大家帶來雅思閱讀材料大集合：女性愛在社交網上說謊假裝過得精彩。
Women consistently lie on social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter to make their lives appear more exciting, a survey has found.
Researchers found that at least one in four women exaggerated or distorted what they are doing on social media once a month.
The survey of 2000 women found they mostly pretended to be out on the town, when in fact they are home alone, and embellished about an exotic holiday or their job.
The most common reasons for women to write “fibs” included worrying their lives would seem “boring”, jealousy at seeing other people’s more exciting posts and wanting to impress their friends and acquaintances.
Psychologists suggested that as people attempt to “stay connected” on social media, they can in fact “paradoxically” be left “more isolated”.
They also said that the “more we try to make our lives seem perfect, the less perfect we feel”.
According to the OnePoll survey, one third of women surveyed admitted to “dishonesty” on social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter at some stage.
Almost one in four admitted to lying or exaggerating about key aspects of their life online between one and three times a month while almost one in 10 said they lied more than once a week.
Nearly 30 percent of women lied about “doing something when I am home alone”, almost a quarter overstated their alcohol consumption while one in five were not truthful about their holiday activities or their jobs.
Almost one in five women even lied about their “relationship status”.
“We work very hard presenting ourselves to the world online, pretending and attempting to be happy all the time which is exhausting and ultimately unfulfilling,” said Dr Michael Sinclair, a leading British consultant psychologist.
“Omitting the less desirable imperfections of our lives from the conversations with our 'friends' online leads to less opportunity to feel empathised with, resulting in a greater sense of disconnection from others.”
The survey was commissioned by Pencourage, a new anonymous “diary-style” social media website.
一項調查發現，女性總愛在Facebook或Twitter這樣的社交網站上說謊，把自己的生活描述得比實際更精彩。
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這項涵蓋了2000名女性的調查發現，她們大多假裝自己到市中心去玩樂，而事實上她們卻獨自在家待着，而且還喜歡把一次異域風情的假日或自己的工作加以美化。
女性愛在社交網站上編寫“謊言”最常見的原因有擔心自己的生活看上去會顯得“單調乏味”，在看到他人上傳的精彩內容時感到嫉妒，想引起自己的朋友和熟人的注意。
心理學家們指出，在人們試圖通過社交媒體“保持聯繫”的同時，事實上他們反而會變得“更孤立”。
心理學家們還說“我們越想讓自己的生活顯得完美，我們就感到越不完美”。
根據OnePoll公司的調查，三分之一的被調查女性承認某些時候會在Facebook和Twitter這樣的社交網站上“說謊”。
近四分之一的女性承認每個月會有一到三次在社交網站上謊報或誇張地描述自己生活的某些主要方面，近十分之一的女性稱她們每週在社交網上說謊超過一次。
近30%的女性獨自在家時會謊稱自己在做某事，近四分之一的女性會誇大自己喝的酒量，五分之一的女性沒有據實描述自己的假日活動或工作。
近五分之一的女性甚至會謊報自己的“感情狀態”。
英國知名心理學顧問邁克爾?辛克萊博士說：“我們努力地把自己呈現給網上的世界，假裝自己一直都很開心並盡力保持這一狀態，這不但讓人精疲力竭，而且最終會讓人感到空虛。
“在和線上‘好友’的談話中，把生活中不那麼如意的不完美部分省去，這會減少我們產生共鳴的機會，從而導致與他人更大的隔絕感。”
該調查由Pencourage網站委託開展，這是一家新的匿名 “日記體”社交網站。
雅思閱讀材料大集合：你找不到對象的5個原因
1. You were in a long-term relationship:
你曾經有一段長期的戀情
Being in a long-term relationship is much different than dating. If your long-term relationship ends, there is a lot more to deal with than if you'd only been dating for a few months. Take a 10-year relationship that's ended, for example: there's 10 years of good memories, bad memories, lost commitments, joy, hurt - you name it - to try to deal with.
長期的戀情和短暫的約會大不相同。如果你結束了一段長期的戀情，你需要解決的問題比約會了幾個月的人多得多。比如說一段10年的戀情結束了，留下了10年的美好回憶、糟糕回憶、未兌現的承諾、各種喜悅和痛苦，凡是你能數出來的都需要去應對。
Assumedly, if you were in a 10-year relationship, the person you were with knew you well - your likes, dislikes, your quirks, your friends, family, hopes, dreams, etc. You probably knew each other so well that it was like you had your own secret language. Even if the relationship ended badly, that's a lot to try to replace!
通常情況下，如果你們曾經在一起10年，那個人會非常瞭解你：你的好惡、你的怪癖、你的朋友、你的家人、你的希望、你的夢想等等。你們大概非常瞭解對方，就好像他/她是你專屬的祕密語言一樣。即便這段戀情以糟糕的方式結束了，想要找人取代他/她的位置依然不容易。
It's no wonder that single people with long-term relationships in their past seem to stay single. Whether it makes sense to them or not, they just can't seem to find someone who can replace what they once had whether what they had was good or not. The key here is that they will never be able to find a direct replacement but they can find someone new who is equally if not more worthwhile and hopefully a better match. It takes time, openness and commitment to build another long-term relationship from scratch and it can be scary and overwhelming。
所以那些過去有過長期戀情的人保持單身就不足爲奇了。不管有沒有道理，他們似乎就是找不到人來替代曾經那個人的位置，不管那個人究竟是不是那麼好。關鍵在
於他們永遠不可能找到一個直接的替代者，但是他們可以找到一個新的人，即便不比原來那個人更值得，但至少也是個不錯的另一半。結束一段傷痛、再次建立一段 長期的感情需要時間、坦然和承諾。最初可能會讓人提心吊膽、喘不過氣。
2. You're shy and/or not very outgoing:
你比較害羞，或者不夠外向
Whether we like it or not, people who are outgoing tend to get noticed and that includes getting noticed by the opposite sex. Where does that leave shy single people? We're just not that likely to get noticed if we don't make eye contact with others and make a point of trying to get to know them. It's a sad fact, but true。
不管我們是否認同，外向活潑的人更容易引人注意，包括吸引異性的注意。那些害羞的單身人士可難辦了。如果我們不和別人進行眼神的交流，也不表現出我們渴望瞭解他們，我們就不太可能引起他人的注意。聽起來挺叫人難過，不過這是事實。
Being shy is at least 50% genetic so there's only so much we can do to overcome this. The good news is that there are lots of shy single people out there -- admittedly, the hard part is hooking up, but it happens, so don't despair。
害羞至少有一半原因來自遺傳，所以我們仍然可以去克服它。好消息是還有很多害羞的單身人士。不過不得不承認，難點在於你們如何跟他們搭上腔，但成功的例子也確實會發生，所以別絕望。
3. You live in a small town or village
你住在小鎮或者小村子裏
Let's just play the numbers game here. Imagine you live in a small town of 3000 people and you're a woman. You're looking for a man, so you're down to 1500 to choose from except that 75% of them are taken so that leaves you with 375. Out of those 375, let's say 15% of them fall within an appropriate age range of you which brings you down to about 57. Out of those 57, you're sure not going to be compatible with all of them; there may be a few you're compatible with but how are you going to find them?
我們來玩個數字遊戲。假設你是女性，住在一個只有3000人的小鎮裏。你在尋找一個男人，那麼你的選擇範圍就降到了1500人，其中可能有75%的人已經有所屬，那麼留給你的還有375人。這375人中大概有15%的人符合你的年齡範圍，所以還剩57人。而這57人當然不是每個都適合你;其中也許有一些和你般配的，但是你要怎樣找到他們呢?
Just because you live in the same town doesn't mean that you're going to bump into each other on the sidewalk or at the grocery store. Of course, these are completely made up statistics but are generally what you're dealing with in small towns. If you want more dating options, you'll have to move to the big city。
你們住在一個鎮上不代表你們會在路邊或者雜貨店裏偶遇。當然，這些只是假設的數據，但通常來講你在小鎮上的情況就是這樣。如果你想要更多的約會機會，恐怕得搬去大城市。
4. You've been single a long time and are set in your ways
你單身太久，已經習慣了自己的生活方式
The longer you live as a single person, the more independent and self-sufficient you're forced to become. While this is not necessarily a bad thing, if taken to the extreme, it can hinder your efforts to find a mate. If you're used to doing everything yourself and for yourself only, it may be very difficult to let someone else into your life even though you may crave that closeness。
你單身的時間越久，你就迫使自己變得越獨立、越靠自己。這並不是壞事，但如果走向極端，會阻礙你找到另一半。如果你習慣了凡事親力親爲，而且只爲自己而做，也許就很難讓另一個人走進你的生活，哪怕你也許渴望這種親密。
Unfortunately, this becomes more and more true as we get older. I'm pretty set in my ways myself and all I can hope for is that if the right one does come along, that I will let him break through my wall of independence that I have created。
不幸的是，隨着我們漸漸長大，事情就越是如此。我已經非常習慣按自己的方式生活，我能期望的是，如果那個對的人真的出現了，我會允許他打破我已經建立起來的這座獨立的牆。
5. You're just too picky
你太挑剔了
Yes, we all want to have a Brad Pitt or Megan Fox type hanging off our arms but it's just not going to happen. Even if we don't want that, we have a list in our minds of traits that our future soulmate must possess and sometimes that list can be rather long, perhaps too long。
是的，我們都想要一個布拉德·皮特這樣的帥哥或是梅根·福克斯那樣的性感美女挽着我們的胳膊，但這太不現實了。哪怕我們期望沒這麼高，我們心裏都列出了未來的靈魂伴侶必須符合的條件，有時這些條件還不少，也許太多了。
While nobody wants to "settle", you might want to ask yourself if everything on your list is really that important. Does it matter that much how tall the person is? How much money they make? What color hair they have? It might be worth relaxing some of your standards and seeing what kind of results you get. Remember, nobody is perfect。
沒有人想被他人的條件“框定”，你也許應該問問自己，這些條件真的都這麼重要嗎?這個人的身高很重要嗎?他賺多少錢很重要嗎?他/她的頭髮是什麼顏色很重要嗎?你也許應該把自己的標準放寬一些，然後來看看結果如何。記住：完美的人不存在。
雅思閱讀材料大集合：科學家解答爲什麼早上不想起牀
Most of us love a good lie-in on the weekends. But for some people, getting out of bed each morning is a daily struggle that can disrupt their lives。
我們大部分人都喜歡在週末睡個懶覺，但是對於一些人來說，每天早上最受折磨的就是掙扎着從牀上爬起來。
Now, researchers believe they have found out why some people struggle to sleep at night and reach for the snooze button in the morning - their body clocks are set too slow。
爲什麼有些人儘量早睡就爲了能早起，現在，研究人員認爲他們找到了原因，就是因爲他們的生物鐘被設置得太慢了。
A team from Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia, are investigating delayed sleep phase disorder, which is characterised by a persistent inability to fall asleep and wake at a conventional time。
澳大利亞阿德萊德弗林德斯大學的一個研究小組調查研究了睡眠期失調遭推遲，其特徵就是遲遲無法入睡無法按時醒來。
Struggle to wake up for work? Your internal body clock may be out of sync
掙扎着起牀上班?生物鐘與生活節奏不同步
It affects up to 15 per cent of teenagers but can be a life-long condition。
這一現象影響了15%的青少年但這種情況不會終身伴隨的。
Study leader, Professor Leon Lack, said initial results showed that the internal body clocks, of those with the disorder ran slower than average。
此項研究的牽頭人利昂·蘭克說，初步的研究結果表明身體內部時鐘失調相對平均時鐘慢了一些。
'Late sleepers can’t get to sleep until 2am or 3am at the earliest, or in some cases as late as 4am, which makes it very hard for them to get up for their commitments the next day,' he said。
晚睡的人到了凌晨兩三點才睡，有些晚睡的人甚至到了凌晨四點才睡，對於他們而言很難保證第二天按時起牀。
'We’ve been investigating what causes people to be late sleepers and one of the most plausible explanations we’re perusing is that their body clocks run longer than 24 hours。
我們已經調查研究了什麼原因導致總有晚睡的人，其中一個貌似合理的解釋就是他們的生物鐘長於24小時。
'Most people have a 24-hour body clock, it’s a natural rhythm that influences sleepiness and core body temperature but for people with delayed sleep phase disorder it takes longer to complete the cycle so they tend to go to bed later and wake up later.'
大部分人的時鐘是24小時，但對於晚睡的人而言，自然節奏影響了睡意和體溫，睡眠期失調遭推遲要花很長時間才能完成這個週期，因此他們傾向晚睡晚起。
Circadian rhythms are followed by most living things and follow a daily cycle that are governed by our internal body clocks. They influence sleep and wake cycles, body temperature and the release of hormones。
生理節奏受我們身體內部生物鐘的生活和日常規律支配。他們影響睡眠和清醒週期、體溫、荷爾蒙的釋放。
They can be affected by environmental factors, such as light levels, and so disrupted by flying across time zones and working night shifts。
他們受環境因素影響，例如光亮度、飛行時差、晚班工作。
Professor Lack said wider tests with a larger population would now need to be conducted to confirm the findings。
蘭克教授說對較大一個人羣進行了廣泛試驗，現在需要確認這些研究結果。
'If we establish what we’re expecting to find it will reinforce therapies that we know can help, such as bright light therapy to induce alertness in the mornings and melatonin to encourage earlier evening sleepiness,' he said。
如果我們所期望的結果能成立的話，那麼找到加強療法是會有幫助作用的，例如明光療法來引導早上清醒，褪黑素有助於晚上早睡，他說。
'Exposing people to a bright light as early in the day as possible informs the body clock that it should be awake so therefore they fall asleep and wake up earlier on subsequent nights.'
人們白天儘早暴露在明光環境下，提醒生物鐘該清醒了，因此他們的身體逐漸就調整到了早睡早起的狀態
He said it was imperative to find a cause of the condition as it affected so many people。
他說找出這種現象的原因勢在必行，因爲影響了如此多的人。
'It causes young people to be late for school and when they do get to school they’re inattentive until their body clock finally wakes up。
這種現象導致學生上學遲到，即使到了學校他們也是不清醒的，只有生物鐘清醒了才能徹底清醒。
'Adults can also have trouble holding down jobs because they’re always running late for work so it does have a detrimental effect on lives,' he said。
成年人在早上上班時也存在這種現象，總是上班遲到，因此對生活影響不利，他說。
雅思閱讀材料大集合：如何清潔眼鏡片
Nearly 50% of Americans wear corrective glasses, according to the trade group Vision Council. And most of them are guilty of the biggest crime in lens care: Exhaling onto their lenses, then wiping the fog off with their shirt sleeves. But does this really damage your lenses? Teri Geist, an optometrist in Omaha, Neb., and chairwoman for the American Optometric Association, weighs in.
行業組織VisionCouncil提供的數據顯示，接近50%的美國人佩戴用於矯正視力的眼鏡。他們中的大多數人在眼鏡護理過程中都犯過一個最嚴重的錯誤：對着鏡片哈一口氣，然後用襯衫袖子把鏡片上的霧擦掉。這真的會對鏡片造成損害嗎?美國驗光學會主席、內布拉斯加州奧馬哈市的驗光師蓋斯特(Teri Geist)對此進行了實驗。
Simple Solution
簡單方法
Though there are countless products on the market claiming to wipe streaks away, the AOA recommends the most basic of options: kitchen-sink soap. The best way to clean your glasses, says Dr. Geist, is to run them under warm water and put a tiny drop of dishwashing detergent on the tip of your fingers to create a lather on the lens. Then rinse with warm water, and dry with a clean, soft cotton cloth.
儘管市場上有無數產品聲稱可以擦掉眼鏡鏡片上的污痕，但美國驗光學會(American Optometric Association)推薦的是最基本的選擇：廚房洗潔精。美國驗光學會主席蓋斯特(Teri Geist)稱，清潔眼鏡的方式是將其在溫水下衝洗，在指尖滴一小滴洗潔精，在鏡片上打出泡沫，然後用溫水洗淨，並用乾淨柔軟的棉布擦乾。
'Everyone uses their shirt cloth─worst thing!' she says. 'Your shirttail almost certainly carries dust, and that has the potential of scratching your lens.'
她說：“很多人都用他們的襯衫下襬擦眼鏡──這是最糟糕的做法!你的襯衣下襬幾乎肯定沾有塵土，這可能會刮壞鏡片。”
Glass vs. Plastic
玻璃鏡片與樹脂鏡片
Of the 69.1 million Americans who bought prescription spectacles last year, most purchased plastic lenses; glass has gone out of fashion as safety concerns have arisen. Unlike that hard surface, plastic is soft and can scratch easily.
去年，6,910萬美國人購買了處方眼鏡，其中多數都是樹脂鏡片;由於對安全的擔憂上升，玻璃鏡片已經過時。與玻璃鏡片堅硬的表面不同，樹脂鏡片柔軟而且容易被刮壞。
Once lenses are scraped up, 'there is no way to buff that scratch out,' says Dr. Geist. Attempting to clean glasses when dry only exacerbates the problem, since a wet surface is slicker than a dry one. 'People breathe on their glasses then grab a Kleenex or paper towel or napkin because they're convenient, but the rough fibers that they're comprised of might leave debris behind,' Dr. Geist says. She adds that special microfiber cloths are good for dry touch-ups during the day, but aren't a stand-in for a thorough, soapy cleaning. Neither is your breath.
蓋斯特博士說，一旦鏡片有了刮痕，“就沒有辦法除去”。在鏡片乾燥時擦眼鏡只會加劇問題，因爲溼潤的表面會比干燥的表面光滑一些。蓋斯特博士說：“人們在鏡片上哈氣，然後順手抓起一張餐巾紙去擦眼鏡，但構成餐巾紙的粗糙纖維可能會在鏡片上留下碎屑。”她補充說，特殊的超細纖維布適於乾擦鏡片，但它不能替代徹底的皁液清潔方法。你的哈氣也不行。
Reflecting on the Problem
塗層問題
Lenses typically have some form of protective coating and should never come into contact with ammonia, bleach, vinegar or window cleaner. 'Those chemicals can break down the coating or just strip them,' says Dr. Geist. 'You know those bubbles you sometimes see on your lens? Those are caused by 'cleansing' solutions.' Avoid the problem by requesting anti-glare and UV coatings that are embedded within the lens, which can cost about $100 more than regular-coated lenses.
鏡片通常有某種形式的防護塗層，因此不應接觸氨、漂白劑、醋和窗戶清潔劑。蓋斯特博士說：“這些化學物質會破壞或者洗掉塗層。你知道有時在鏡片上看到的泡泡印是怎麼回事嗎?那就是用‘清潔劑’導致的。”要求在鏡片中加入防眩光和紫外線塗層可以避免這個問題，這種鏡片的價格比普通塗層鏡片高出約100美元。
Clean Lines
清潔產品
Natural oils from your hands, eyelashes and face can lead to a lot of buildup each day, reducing lenses' effectiveness. Leaving spectacles on a sink or vanity, where hair spray and perfume can fly through the air, adds to the residue. The AOA recommends washing glasses every morning, paying special attention to the frames and earpieces, where hair product and makeup tend to rub off. Whatever you do, don't use the most handy form of water to clean your lenses. 'Some people use spit, but don't,' urges Dr. Geist. Though dirty glasses won't cause an eye infection, saliva 'is not the best hygiene method, and it just won't work very well,' she says. Soap, warm water and a dry cloth are all you need, once a day, to keep glasses optimally clean and functional. 'I have had patients who say they can't see well, but it turns out it is just the scratches,' says Dr. Geist.
手、睫毛和麪部每天產生的天然油脂可能大量堆積在鏡片上，降低鏡片的透光性。將眼鏡放在水池或衛生間檯面等可能殘留髮膠和香水飛沫的地方會增加殘留物。美國驗光學會建議每天早上清洗眼鏡，尤其應該注意鏡框和鏡腳等容易擦到護髮品和化妝品的地方。無論你做什麼，都不要用最現成的“水”來清潔鏡片。蓋斯特博士說：“有些人用唾液，可千萬別這麼做。”儘管髒鏡片不會導致眼部感染，但唾液“不是最衛生的方法，而且它的效果也不好”。你只需要每天用皁液、溫水和一塊乾布，即可保持眼鏡清潔好用。蓋斯特博士說：“我的患者中，有些人說他們看不清，結果只是鏡片上有劃痕。”
