初中英語句子成分分析法
英語句子是英語對話和文章的基礎。下面是本站小編帶來的初中英語句子成分分析，歡迎閱讀!
句子是由各種詞類按照一定的語法規則組成的，可以表達完整的概念。句子開頭第一個字母一定要大寫，結尾要註明標點符號。
一、句子的成分
組成句子的各個部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主語、謂語、表語、賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。其中主語和謂語是句子的主體，表語、賓語和賓語 補足語是謂語的組成部分，其他成分如定語和狀語是句子的次要部分。
1 主語 表示所說的“是什麼”或“是誰”，通常用名詞、代詞、不定式或相當於名詞的詞、短語或從句擔任。主語要放在句首。
To say is one thing, and to do is another. 說是一回事，做是另一回事。(不定式作主語) What you said hurt me badly. 你所說的話深深地刺傷了我。(從句作主語)
2 謂語 起着說明主語的動作、特徵或狀態的作用，必須用動詞表示。謂語和主語在人稱和數兩方面要一致，通常在主語之後。謂語通常有三個表現形式：
(1)動詞或動詞短語作謂語
He studies hard. 他學習很努力。 The performance has already begun.演出已經開始。
(2)謂語動詞和賓語及賓語補語作謂語
They are picking apples. 他們正在摘蘋果。 He made us laugh heavily.他使我們大笑不止。
(3)連繫動詞和表語作謂語 Her mother is an inspector. 她的母親是一位檢查官。
It is getting dark. 天色漸漸地黑了下來。
He is feeling well. 他現在感覺身體很好。
句子成分巧劃分 ：主在前，謂在中，賓語、狀語後面衝。短語定語主賓後，形、代定語主賓前。間賓直賓緊相依，直、間之間to、for連，賓補位於賓語後，地狀常在時狀前。
3 表語 用於說明主語的性質、特徵、身份或狀態，可以由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞和不定式 以及相當於名詞或形容詞的詞或短語來擔任，表語要放在連繫動詞之後。
Her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes. 她的工作是洗這些牀單和衣服。(不定式作表語) Teaching is learning. 教學相長。(動名詞作表語)
4 賓語 是及物動詞所示動作的對象或介詞的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當於名詞的詞、 短語及從句都可以擔任作賓語。賓語要放在謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之後。
Do you enjoy living here? 你願意住在這裏嗎? (動名詞作賓語)
I want only one. 我只要一個。(數詞作賓語)
I don't think you are right. 我認爲你不對。(從句作賓語)
注意：①某些及物動詞之後要求有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)， 直接賓語指物，間接賓語指人。這一類動詞有：bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay等。
She showed me a few magazines. 她拿出了一些雜誌給我看。
I promised her a wonderful present on her birthday .我答應在她生日那天給她一件奇妙的禮物。
②在需要的情況下，間接賓語也可以位於直接賓語之後，但此時間接賓語之前需要加介詞。 She made me a sweater. (She made a sweater for me.) 她給我織了一件毛衣。
He left her three children. (He left three children to her) 他給她留下三個孩子。
③有些及物動詞的後面，其賓語還需要有一個補足語，才能表達完整的意思。這樣的賓語和賓語補足語稱爲複合賓語。名詞、形容詞、不定式或介詞短語都可以作賓語補足語。
The couple named the baby Mary.(名詞作賓 補) 這對夫妻給孩子取名叫瑪麗。
He made her unhappy. 他使她很不高興。(形容詞作賓補)
“Let me out!” The boy cried. “讓我出去!”那男孩喊道。(副詞作賓補)
She saw a man in front of the gate. 她看見門外有一個男人。(介詞短語作賓補)
She often helps me do the housework. 她經常幫助我做家務。(不定式作賓補)
I kept you waiting for half an hour. 我讓你等了半個小時。(動名詞作賓補)
5 狀語
狀語用於修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常表示行爲發生的時間、地點、目的、方 式、程度等。狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當於副詞的詞或短 語來擔當。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
She drove fast.(副詞作狀語) 她把車開得飛快。
There is a shelter under the post office.
在郵局的地底下，有一個掩蔽所。(介詞短語作狀語)
To liberate our country, they devoted their lives.
爲了解放祖國，他們獻出了生命。(不定式短語作狀語)
Seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees.
那人一看見年邁的母親就跑上前去跪倒在她面前。(分詞短語作狀語)
It was blowing hard when she was on her way home yesterday.
昨天她回家的路上，風颳得正大。(從句作狀語)
6 定語
定語用於修飾名詞或代詞。可以擔任定語的有形容詞、代詞、名詞、數詞、名詞所有格、副 詞、不定式、分詞和分詞短語、介詞短語及從句等等。定語的位置很靈活，凡有名詞和代詞 的地方都可以有定語。
The man outside the teacher's office is his father.辦公室外面的那人是他的父親。(介詞短語作定語) I'll have a lot of clothes to wash this Saturday. 這個星期六我要洗好多衣服。(不定式作定語) Will you say something about your travelling experience? (動名詞作定語)
The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.(從句作定語)正在臺上演唱的那女人是她姑姑。
二、句子的種類
(一)、簡單句
簡單句只包含一個主謂結構，並且各個結構都是由單詞或短語組成，不包含任何從句。有五種基本句型。
1.主語+謂語(不及物動詞)
The new term begins. 新學期開始了。
2.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語
The girl is learning to play the piano. 這個女孩在學彈鋼琴。
3.主語+連繫動詞+表語
The rice got burned。 飯燜煳了。
4.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語
He bought her a watch. 他給她買了一塊表。
5. 主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補語
We all believed you honest. 我們都認爲你是誠實的。
二、並列句(簡單句+連詞+簡單句)
並列句是由兩個或多個簡單句連接而成的。其中的各個簡單句並列平行，同等重要，相互之 間沒有從屬關係，能夠獨立成句。它們之間要用連詞連接。並列句可分爲四種：
1.表示相同關係 用連詞或逗號、分號連接構成並列句。常用連詞有：and, not also..., ...
Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high. 蘇姍不但跑得快，而且跳得高。
I could neither swim nor skate. 我既不會游泳，也不會滑冰。
2.表示轉折關係 常用連詞有：but, still, yet, while等。
It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.夜已深了，但是他還在繼續做作業。
She was busy cooking while they were watching TV.她忙着做飯，而他們卻在看電視。
The film is not perfect, still, it's good.這部影片雖然不是無可挑剔，但還是好的。
3.表示選擇關係 常用連詞爲：or, ...。
The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.老師要見一下他的父親或是母親。
Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.這條路或那條路都通往那家醫院。
Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.
4.表示因果關係 常用連詞有for和so。
We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train to leave.
我們急忙趕往車站，因爲火車很快就要開了。
The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went( did).老師讓蘇姍到她那去，因此她就去了。
三、複合句(主句+連詞+從句)
包含一個主句，一個或一個以上的從句的句子叫複合句。從句從屬於主句並充當主句的某一成分，如主語，表語，賓語，定語，狀語等。中考主要考賓語、定語、狀語從句。注意引導詞、語序和時態。
初中英語句子成分分析練習鞏固練習 同義句轉換
e is only a chair in the room.(同義句轉換)
There is _________ _________a chair in the room..
2. h is busy. She is doing her housework now.
h is_________ _________ her housework now.
teacher said，“Don’t cheat in exams，children!”
The teacher told the children _________ _________ cheat in exams.
was so tired that he couldn’t walk any further. 全品中考網
Nick was _____________________________ any further.
can’t finish the project on time unless you support us.
The project can’t be finished on time ______________________________.
l we watch the exciting ping-pong match together?
______________________________watch the exciting ping-pong match together?
cousin usually walks to school every morning. (改爲同義句)
My cousin usually goes to school _________ _________ every morning. (對劃線部分提問)
__________ _________is your friend?
9. “Are you going to visit Zi Gong next Week?”Father asked me.(改爲間接引語)
Father asked me __________I________going to visit Zi Gong next week. (對劃線部分提問)
___________ _________you use to stay on family holidays?
s spent ten years making this amazing film(保持句意基本不變)
__________ _________James ten years to make this amazing film.
s has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.
Karen has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup, too. (合併爲一句)
_________Chris _________Karen have gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.
tors love this city because it has historical sights and delicious food.(改爲簡單句)
Visitors love this city__________ _________its historical sights and delicious food.
14. (對劃線部分提問)
___________________from Fukang to Unmnqi by bus? (對劃線部分提問)
_______________this new computer __________________?
16、不同句子結構的轉換，主要指簡單句、並列句和複合句間的轉換
1)We found him a good pupil. We found _______ ______ _______ a good pupil.
2)The room is so small that my family can't live in it.
The room isn't ______ _______ ____ my family ___ live in.
The room is ______ small ________ my family _______ live in.
3)His grandfather died ten years ago. It ____ ten years ___ his grandfather ______ .
4)I'm not sure what I should do next. I'm not sure _____ ___ ____ next.
5)Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. ___ you ___ hurry up, you'll miss the train.
17、根據句意的轉換
1) Yesterday everyone of us went to the farm except Lucy.
________ Lucy _______ go to the farm with us yesterday.
2)Sam is friendly to his classmates and his classmates are friendly to him.
Sam _______ ______ well with his classmates.
3)Lily was born ten minutes earlier than I was. I am ten minutes _______ than Lily.
4)English is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.
English _____ the largest number of ________ in the world.
5)It's your turn to do it. It's _____ ____ you to do it.
6) It rained heavily last night. There ______ _____ _____ last night.
7) The building is beautiful and there are many tall trees around it.
The building _____ many tall trees all _______ is beautiful.
8) I spent two hours reading the book yesterday.
_____ ______ me two hours ______ _____ the book yesterday.
9) He bought the book two weeks ago. He _____ _____ the book ____ two weeks.
10) You're very kind to help me with my maths.
___ __ very kind ___ you ___ help me with my maths.
11) My grandfather died ten years ago.
My grandfather ______ ______ ______ ______ ten years ago.
12) I think it is different from Chinese names. I don't think it is _____ _____ as Chinese names.
13) They planted millions of trees to save the farmland.
They planted millions of trees _____ _____ the farmland _____ ____ saved.
15)The man thinks the same as I. The man ______ ______ me.
