加工食品或讓人渴望獲取更多卡路里大綱

What is healthy when it comes to food? That's a question that many people struggle to answer on a daily basis around the world. How much sugar, fat, carbs, and salt our bodies need has been the topic of debate for, well, pretty much forever, and constantly-shifting nutritional guidelines aren't making things any easier to understand.

什麼樣的食品纔算是健康食品？世界各地每天都有人受這一問題的困擾。身體所需的糖分、脂肪、碳水化合物和鹽含量一直以來都是爭論的焦點，而不斷變化的營養指南並沒有讓事情變得簡單。

Calories are, of course, the biggest factor in how much weight a person loses or gains, but how we get those calories can vary dramatically from person to person. Now, a new study suggests that eating so-called "ultra-processed" foods may be fueling the obesity epidemic and contributing to overeating.

當然，卡路里是一個人增重或減重的最大因素，但獲取卡路里的方式卻因人而異。現在，一項新研究表明，食用所謂的"過度加工"食物可能會加劇肥胖症，導致暴飲暴食。

The study, which was published in Cell Metabolism, focused on the eating habits of a group of 20 volunteers who agreed to follow specific eating guidelines for two weeks. The subjects selected for the study were considered "weight-stable," meaning they had been maintaining their weight without any dramatic fluctuation.

這項研究在《細胞代謝》雜誌上發表，關注20位志願者的飲食習慣。這些志願者同意連續兩週遵循特定的飲食指南。研究員認爲這些受試者"體重穩定，"也就是說他們的體重處於幾乎持平狀態，沒有太大波動。

The group was randomly split into two groups, with one group eating a diet of unprocessed foods and the other eating the oh-so-convenient ultra-processed foods, or "junk food," as we often think of it.

20位受試者被隨機分成2組，一組食用未加工食品，另一組食用方便過度加工食品，或我們俗稱的"垃圾食品"。

"During each diet phase, the subjects were presented with three daily meals and were instructed to consume as much or as little as desired," the researchers write. "Up to 60 min was allotted to consume each meal. Menus rotated on a 7-day schedule, and the meals were designed to be well matched across diets for total calories, energy density, macronutrients, fiber, sugars, and sodium, but widely differing in the percentage of calories derived from ultra-processed versus unprocessed foods."

"在每一飲食階段，受試者都是一日三餐，可根據自己的喜好多吃或少吃，"研究員寫道。"每次用餐時間最多爲60分鐘。每隔7天會重複菜品，膳食的設計滿足了人體所需的卡路里、能量密度、常量營養素、纖維、糖和鈉，但過度加工食品和未加工食品的卡路里比例相差甚大。"

With no limitations placed on the number of calories any of the subjects were consuming, the participants ate until they were satisfied and full. Those in the processed diet group could eat chips, candy, cereals, and other energy-dense foods, while the others consumed cooked whole vegetables, minimally processed rice, and fruit.

研究員未對受試者消耗的卡路里量設定限制，所以受試者可以一直吃到心滿意足。加工飲食組的受試者可以吃薯片、糖果、穀物和其它能量密集的食品，而另一組則攝入烹飪過的蔬菜、加工較少的大米和水果。

On average, those who were given the ultra-processed diet ate just over 500 more calories than those who ate the unprocessed foods. The ultra-processed group gained an average of two pounds during the two-week experiment, while the unprocessed food group lost roughly the same amount.

平均而言，那些食用過度加工食品的人比食用未加工食品的人多攝入了500多卡。在爲期兩週的實驗中，食用過度加工食品的分組平均增加了2磅，而食用未加工食品的分組大約瘦了2磅。