奧運場上的陰盛陽衰 當女性獲得更多獎牌
The success of women in Olympic sports can be tied to the opportunities available in their home countries. Women won more total medals than men in 29 countries that participated in the 2016 Rio Games and at least one other Summer Olympics.
女性在奧林匹克運動中的成功，可以和她們在自己的祖國獲得的機遇聯繫在一起。在既參加了2016年裏約奧運會，又參加過至少另外一屆夏季奧運會的國家中，有29個國家的女性收穫的獎牌總數超過了男性。
Each line below represents total medals won, excluding mixed team events.
下面的每一條線都代表着贏得的獎牌總數，混合團體項目除外。
American men won more medals than American women for much of the history of the Olympics, but that gap began to narrow in the 1980s.
在奧運會歷史上，很多情況下美國男性運動員摘得的獎牌比女性多，但這種差距在80年代開始縮小。再往前推十年的1972年，聯邦政府通過了那項被稱爲《第九條》(Title IX)的教育法修正案，准許女性平等地參加體育運動。
A decade before, in 1972, the federal government had granted women equal access to sports through the education amendment known as Title IX. Women surpassed men in the Summer Games medal count for the first time at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.
在2008年的北京奧運會上，美國女性在夏季奧運會上取得的獎牌數量首次超過男性。
In China, that feat came 20 years earlier. Women in China have performed better than men in their events at the Olympics since 1988, bringing home about 10 more medals each time.
在中國，這項成就提前了20年。從1988年開始，中國女性奧運選手的表現一直比男性更勝一籌，每一次都能比男性多爲她們的祖國帶回約十枚獎牌。
Jamaica, a country with fewer than three million people, experienced the emergence of male and female superstars in track and field in 2008: Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce.
2008年，人口不足300萬的牙買加經歷了男性和女性田徑超級明星的誕生：尤塞恩•博爾特(Usain Bolt)和謝莉-安•弗雷澤-普賴斯(Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce)。
Although the country’s female athletes won more medals than men at the Rio Games, Bolt received far more attention.
在里約奧運會上，儘管該國女運動員獲得的獎牌數量超過男運動員，但博爾特受到的關注遠多於她們。
Mónica Puig earned Puerto Rico its first Olympic gold medal by winning the women’s singles tennis final. She was also the only athlete of the 40 representing Puerto Rico to win a medal this year.
在網球女單決賽中勝出的莫妮卡•普格(Mónica Puig)爲波多黎各贏得了首枚奧運金牌。她也是今年代表波多黎各參賽的40名運動員中唯一一個獲得獎牌的。
The number of events that women are allowed to compete in is controlled by the International Olympic Committee and various sport federations.
允許女性參與角逐的賽事數量，由國際奧林匹克委員會(International Olympic Committee)和各種各樣的體育協會控制。
Women first appeared at the Olympics in 1900; they competed in five sports. Other sports were added slowly, and the gap did not begin to shrink drastically until the 1990s.
女性首次出現在奧運賽場上是在1900年。當時，她們參加了五類運動。其他項目是慢慢加進去的，直到90年代，男選手和女選手之間的差距纔開始急劇縮小。
In 1991, the I.O.C. decided that potential new Olympic sports must include events for women. Five years later, it revised the Olympic Charter to express the committee’s responsibility “to encourage and support the promotion of women in sport.”
1991年，國際奧委會決定，潛在的新奧運會運動必須包含面向女性的項目。五年後，爲了表達其“鼓勵並支持推動婦女”參與體育運動的職責，國際奧委會修訂了《奧林匹克憲章》(Olympic Charter)。
