俄中達成每年300億立方米供氣協議

Russia and China have signed a memorandum of understanding to supply gas from western Siberia to China, in the second big gas deal to be sealed this year as President Vladimir Putin builds investment ties with China to counter increasing isolation from the west.

俄羅斯與中國已簽訂了一份諒解備忘錄，將從西伯利亞西部向中國出口天然氣，這將成爲今年俄中兩國之間達成的第二大天然氣供應合同。俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾•普京(Vladimir Putin)正在加強與中國的投資紐帶，以對抗俄羅斯日益被西方孤立的影響。

The framework agreement between China National Petroleum Corporation and Russian energy group Gazprom is for an additional 30bn cubic metres of gas per year. It follows a $400bn agreement in May for Russia to sell up to 38bcm of gas per year from eastern Siberia to northeastern China.

中石油集團(CNPC)與俄羅斯能源集團——俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司(Gazprom)達成的框架協議，俄方每年將再向中國出口300億立方米的天然氣。在此前的5月，俄中已達成了一項4000億美元的協議，每年由西伯利亞東部向中國東北地區出口380億立方米天然氣。

The deals represent welcome diplomatic and financial support for Mr Putin, whose regime is under fire from the west over its support for Russian separatists in Ukraine. Energy exports are Russia’s primary source of hard currency and the expectation is that the Chinese would help with the expensive task of building and financing the pipelines.

這兩項協議實則給了普京在外交與財務方面很好的支持。由於支持對烏克蘭境內分裂主義分子的支持，普京政府受到了西方的攻擊。能源出口是俄羅斯主要的硬通貨來源，預計中國將在代價高昂的管道建設和融資中對俄提供幫助。

Russia has long looked to Asia as a potential alternative energy customer to reduce its dependence on Europe. Western Siberia is roughly equidistant from Europe and Asia so, given the right infrastructure, gas produced there could be shipped to whichever market was more attractive.

長期以來，俄羅斯一直把亞洲作爲潛在的替代能源客戶，以減弱對歐洲的依賴。西伯利亞西部與歐洲和亞洲的距離大致相等，鑑於其完善的基礎設施，哪個市場更具吸引力，西伯利亞西部開採出的天然氣就可以運往哪個市場。

In a speech earlier this autumn, Keun-Wook Paik, senior research fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, said a deal to sell gas from western Siberian through a proposed Altai pipeline to China would be “Putin’s revenge”.

牛津能源研究所(Oxford Institute for Energy Studies)的高級研究員Keun-Wook Paik在今年秋初的一次演講中表示，由西伯利亞西部通過一條擬議的阿爾泰管道向中國出售天然氣，將成爲“普京的復仇”。

Under the terms of the agreement, CNPC would also buy a 10 per cent stake in Russia’s Vankorneft, a subsidiary of Russian state oil producer Rosneft.

根據協議條款，中石油集團也將購買Vankorneft 10%的股權。Vankorneft是俄羅斯國有石油企業——俄羅斯石油公司(Rosneft)的子公司。

The framework agreement leaves many details to be negotiated.

框架協議簽訂之後，許多細節還將在未來協商確定。