年美國十強公司排行榜
1. Wal-Mart Stores
沃爾瑪百貨
The mega-retailer didn't have a whole lot to complain about in fiscal 2010. Profits were up and, thanks to its sales, the company once again climbed to the top of the Fortune 500. Same-store sales were about flat for the year, but compared with Target's 2.5% decline, flat is good. Most remarkable was Wal-Mart's image overhaul. It helped that former CEO Lee Scott beefed up health care coverage for employees, thought more about the environment and became a public presence. Certain critics will never be placated and fiscal first-quarter results weren't the greatest. But there's no denying Scott left new CEO Mike Duke a company in fighting form.
2010財年，這家超級零售商可抱怨的地方不多。利潤增加，而且由於銷售額增長，該公司再次攀升至《財富》500強的冠軍。今年沃爾瑪的單店銷售額和去年幾乎持平，但同塔吉特百貨銷售額下降2.5%相比，持平已算不錯。最值得注意的是沃爾瑪重塑形象。前任首席執行官李?斯科特擴大了對員工醫療保險的覆蓋，更關注環境，經常在公共場合露面，這些都起到了積極作用。當然，總會有人批評，而且沃爾瑪第一季度的表現也不是最好的。但無可否認，斯科特給新任首席執行官麥克?杜克留下的是一個鬥志昂揚的公司。
2. Exxon Mobil
埃克森美孚
The oil giant made a big bet on the domestic natural gas market late last year buying Texas-based XTO Energy for $41 billion. But refining and exploration remain its backbone. The company drilled 45 new wells last year and hit pay dirt on nearly two-thirds of them. Other big projects: new ventures in Qatar, the Black Sea, and Kazakhstan, including the giant Kashagan field located offshore in the Caspian Sea. With operations in nearly every corner of the planet, Exxon always seems to get a seat at the table when big projects arise. Maybe size does matter.
這家石油巨頭去年看好國內天然氣市場，於年底以410億美元收購了德克薩斯州的XTO能源公司。但其主營業務還是提煉和開採。埃克森美孚去年新打了45口鑽井，其中近2/3都有斬獲。旗下其他大工程有：卡塔爾、黑海和哈薩克斯坦的新項目，包括裏海近海的卡沙甘大型油氣田。埃克森的業務幾乎遍佈世界各個角落，似乎在新項目出現時總能佔有一席之地。或許公司規模的確重要。
3. Chevron
雪佛龍
With prices for crude oil and natural gas off sharply from their recent highs, revenue at the oil giant tumbled 37%, from $265 billion to $167 billion. The good news: Production of oil and gas jumped 7%, thanks in part to a 57% success rate on its exploratory drilling. But another pitfall looms: Chevron has a heavy exposure to high-acid crude, particularly its deep-water projects in the U.K. If the government forces it to start processing the high-cost oil, Chevron may opt to cede its drilling rights, a move that would result in a sizeable charge against earnings.
隨着原油與天然氣價格在近期高位運行後大幅下跌，這家石油巨頭的收入從2650億美元減少至1670億美元，降幅高達37%。好消息是：由於勘探鑽井成功率達57%，雪佛龍的石油與天然氣產量增加了7%。但另一個困難又凸顯了出來：雪佛龍開採的大量原油酸性偏高，尤其是在英國開採的深海石油。如果政府要求它開始加工這些高成本石油，雪佛龍或許會放棄開採權，此舉將導致收入銳減。
4. General Electric
通用電氣
The house that Jack built ended 2009 by selling a controlling stake in its NBC Universal entertainment unit to Comcast, a deal that valued the new entity at $37 billion. Investors largely shrugged off the deal, but as concerns over its finance unit begin to fade - and talk of a dividend increase start to heat up - GE stock lately has been on a tear. GE chief Jeffrey Immelt hopes to keep the momentum going. He's investing $6 billion to develop new medical products and technologies, and is making big bets on green technologies, from fuel-efficient turbines to 'thin film' solar panels.
2009年年末，這家傑克?韋爾奇創辦的公司其下屬娛樂公司——NBC環球的控股權賣與康卡斯特公司，此項交易對新NBC環球的估值爲370億美元。投資者普遍不看好這筆交易，但人們對其財務部門的擔心開始減少，轉而開始熱議其股利的增加——通用電氣的股票最近一直在猛漲。通用電氣首席執行官傑弗雷?伊梅爾特希望這一勢頭能保持下去。他將投資60億美元，開發新的醫藥產品與技術，並對環保技術耗以巨資，新產品有節油的渦輪機、“薄膜”太陽板，等等。
5. Bank of America Corp.
美國銀行集團
Say this about Bank of America chief Brian Moynihan: He certainly knows how to talk the talk. In his letter to shareholders, Moynihan went out of his way to thank U.S. taxpayers for making $45 billion in TARP funds available. He also described how he is working closely with 'policy leaders' on financial reform. Whether he can walk the walk - i.e., turn around BofA's fortunes - is another matter. While the company did repay its TARP loan in December, it is still sitting on billions of dollars of vulnerable residential and commercial mortgage debt - one reason the company spent 8,000 words discussing risk in its annual report.
可以這樣說美國銀行首席執行官布萊恩?莫尼漢這個人：他很會說話。在給股東的信中，莫尼漢特地感謝美國納稅人，正是由於他們，美國銀行才獲得了450億美元的不良資產援助資金。他還說自己如今正在金融改革方面同“政策領導人”緊密合作。不過他是否能做好，比如轉變美國銀行的境遇，就是另外一回事了。雖然美國銀行的確在去年12月償還了援助資金，但是它仍然有數十億美元的高風險住房與商用房房貸，這也是爲什麼它要在年度報告中花8000字來討論風險了。
6. ConocoPhillips
康菲石油
When Warren Buffett said he was 'dead wrong' to invest in ConocoPhillips, Conoco chief James Mulva must have taken note. The Texas-based oil company - the nation's third largest - has been going to great lengths trying to shore up its balance sheet by selling assets, reducing debt, and reining in capital spending. In March, Conoco said it would sell half of its 20% stake in Lukoil, a move that could raise $5 billion. Other potential sales: the company's 9% stake in its oil sands venture Syncrude and its 50% ownership in the Flying J truck stop chain.
當沃倫?巴菲特說自己投資康菲石油是犯下“致命錯誤”時，康菲石油首席執行官詹姆斯?馬爾瓦肯定是記在心頭。這家位於德克薩斯的公司是美國第三大石油公司，一直在通過變賣資產，削減債務，控制資本投入等方式，竭力提振其資產負債表。今年3月，康菲石油表示，將出售所持盧克石油公司20%股份中的一半，這可能會給它帶來50億美元的收益。還有可能出售：在沙油項目Syncrude中9%的股份，以及在卡車連鎖休息站飛J公司中50%的股份。
7. AT&T
美國電話電報公司
Ahh, the glamorous life of AT&T: best friends with Steve Jobs, exclusive rights to the iPhone (for now) and carrier of choice on the iPad. So why, with everything going for it, did the stock miss a huge rally? In the year ending April 1, Apple soared 109% and the S&P 500 rose 41%. AT&T? Down 2%. The problem is growth, or lack thereof: little in its saturated wireless business and a decline in landlines, which still accounts for 25% of sales. Unless its high-speed Internet business takes off or the iPad drives new wireless growth, the beatings by Wall Street will continue.
啊，美國電話電報公司的命真好：同史蒂夫?喬布斯的關係最好，擁有iPhone的獨家運營權（現在是如此），還是iPad的運營商之一。一切都對它有利，可爲什麼股票沒有猛漲呢？截至4月1日，今年蘋果公司的股價已經飆升109%，標準普爾指數也上升了41%。美國電話電報公司的股票呢？下跌了2%。問題在於發展，或者說缺乏發展：無線業務已經飽和，發展甚微，而佔銷售額25%的有線電話業務卻出現萎縮。除非其高速互聯網業務，或者iPad促使新的無線業務實現增長，否則其股票在華爾街將會繼續遭受打擊。
8. Ford Motor
福特汽車
In March, Ford completed its exit from the luxury car market by selling Volvo to China's Geely Automobile for $1.6 billion. Although the sale represents a sharp loss - the company paid $6 billion for the Swedish automaker eleven years ago - Ford posted an annual profit of $2.7 billion in 2009, its first profitable year since 2005. Assisted by the 'Cash for Clunkers' program (not to mention Toyota's accelerator woes), Ford recaptured its position as the nation's largest carmaker in February. Which is why Ford's CEO Alan Mulally can now look abroad, including big markets like India, where it recently introduced the compact Figo.
今年3月，福特以16億美元將沃爾沃賣給中國吉利汽車，從此退出豪華汽車市場。雖然這是一個巨大損失——福特11年前購買沃爾沃這家瑞典汽車製造商花了60億美元——但2009年福特實現了27億美元的利潤，是2005年以來首次盈利。受惠於“舊車換現金”計劃（更不要說豐田的加速器問題了），今年2月福特重新佔據了美國最大汽車製造商的寶座。這也是爲什麼福特首席執行官阿蘭?穆拉里能夠將目光投向國外，如印度這樣的大市場，在印度推出了緊湊車型Figo。
9. J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.
摩根大通銀行
CEO Jamie Dimon, who's been hailed as one of the banking industry's top leaders, called J.P. Morgan's annual results 'mediocre'. The industry must beg to differ. J.P. Morgan's revenue jumped in 2009 and profits more than doubled. It's the latest proof that J.P. Morgan was the country's strongest bank through the financial crisis. Last year it raised capital for businesses when others couldn't; it was the top merger and acquisitions advisor; and it never posted a quarterly loss.
一直被譽爲銀行業領袖的摩根大通銀行首席執行官傑米?戴蒙稱公司的年報“一般”。業內肯定不同意他的說法。2009年，摩根大通的收入大幅增加，利潤增長了一倍多。這再次證明摩根大通是金融危機過後美國最有實力的銀行。去年它還能爲企業融資，這是其他銀行都做不到的。它是頂級的合併與收購顧問，季度報表中從來沒有顯示過虧損。
10. Hewlett-Packard
惠普
As the biggest technology company by sales, HP now competes with every other IT shop that offers one-stop shopping for corporate buyers and consumers alike. IBM remains HP's biggest foe on the services front, while Oracle's purchase of server-maker Sun challenged HP on corporate hardware. The company's pending acquisition of networking-gear manufacturer 3Com puts this Silicon Valley pioneer in the crosshairs of Cisco. Printers once accounted for the biggest chunk of HP's profits, but with size comes diversity: Services, software and computers are all making healthy bottom-line contributions now too.
作爲銷售額最大的科技公司，惠普現在同所有爲企業和消費者提供一站式購買服務的IT店鋪競爭。IBM依然是惠普在服務領域最大的對手，而甲骨文購買服務器製造商太陽之後，在硬件方面也對惠普形成了挑戰。惠普即將收購網絡設備製造商3Com，成了思科的“眼中釘”。打印機曾經是惠普最大的利潤來源，但規模帶來了多樣性：現在服務、軟件和電腦都在爲公司貢獻利潤。
