歐佩克達成減產協議 油價反彈
Opec has agreed to cut supplies for the first time since the global financial crisis eight years ago, sending prices soaring above $50 a barrel as Saudi Arabia and its Gulf allies accepted big reductions in production.
歐佩克(Opec)同意減少石油供應，這是8年前全球金融危機爆發以來首次。這一消息令油價飆升至每桶50美元以上。沙特阿拉伯及其海灣盟國同意大規模減產。
The cartel, which pumps a third of the world’s oil, reached the deal to cut 1.2m barrels a day to about 32.5m b/d for six months from the start of January after six hours of talks in Vienna. There is an option to extend the agreement until the end of 2017.
在維也納進行六小時商談後，佔全球石油總產量三分之一的這個卡特爾達成協議，從明年1月初開始的6個月裏，將原油日產量削減120萬桶，至每日3250萬桶。歐佩克還可選擇將該協議延續至2017年底。
The agreement represents a major reversal in policy for Saudi Arabia, which two years ago tried to undermine US shale and other high-cost producers by raising its output in face of fast-growing supplies outside the group after four years of $100 oil. That led to a crash in prices that shook the industry and roiled oil-reliant economies. The shares of shale producers climbed in New York on the news.
該協議代表着沙特政策的一次大逆轉。兩年前，在油價維持在每桶100美元水平上方四年後，面對歐佩克以外地區石油供應的快速增長，沙特曾試圖通過增產來打擊美國的頁岩油及其他高成本石油生產方。這一舉措導致油價迅速崩盤，對整個石油產業產生了衝擊，令依賴石油的經濟體陷入動盪之中。此次達成減產協議的消息傳來之際，紐約股市頁岩油生產商的股價隨之攀升。
Other major non-Opec producers, including Russia, agreed to participate in the cut by lowering their production by 600,000 b/d. Russia’s energy minister said the Kremlin would reduce supplies by 300,000 b/d.
包括俄羅斯在內，其他幾個主要非歐佩克產油國同意參與這輪減產，準備將日產量減少60萬桶。其中，俄羅斯能源部長表示克里姆林宮會減產每日30萬桶。
“It was a historic day. We did the energy market a huge favour and demonstrated Opec is alive and well,” said Guillaume Long, Ecuador’s foreign minister who represents the country at Opec. “There was a lot of doubt but we demonstrated cohesion, seriousness, rigour and political will.”
出席歐佩克會議的厄瓜多爾外長紀堯姆.隆(Guillaume Long)表示：“這是歷史性的一天。我們爲能源市場幫了大忙，顯示出歐佩克很有活力，發揮着作用。目前存在很多疑慮，但我們展示了凝聚力、認真、嚴謹和政治意願。”
The agreement sent Brent crude, the international oil benchmark, up $3.80, or 8 per cent, to $50.16 a barrel. Oil had sold off ahead of the meeting with the three most powerful Opec members — Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq — at loggerheads and threatening to scupper an agreement.
該協議的達成，令國際石油基準布倫特(Brent)油價上漲3.80美元，至每桶50.16美元，漲幅爲8%。會前，由於三個歐佩克大國——沙特、伊朗和伊拉克——陷入紛爭並威脅要阻撓協議，石油曾遭到拋售。
Two years of low prices has upended their economies — particularly Saudi Arabia, which has begun a series of wrenching economic reforms and austerity measures — and led them to put their difference aside.
持續兩年的低油價重創了這些大型產油國的經濟，促使它們擱置分歧。沙特受低油價的衝擊尤爲嚴重，該國已啓動了一系列痛苦的經濟改革和財政緊縮措施。
Opec hopes the deal will help the oil market recover from its longest downturn in a generation, which has hit the share prices of oil companies and sent big producing countries spiralling into recession.
歐佩克希望，該協議會有助於石油市場擺脫一代人以來持續最久的低迷，走向復甦。油價低迷已對石油企業股價造成巨大打擊，並讓幾個產油大國墜入螺旋式經濟衰退。
“They’ve pulled a rabbit out of the hat. But the devil is in the details and compliance with the cuts will be what makes or breaks the deal”, said Yasser Elguindi of Medley Global Advisors. “While crude prices have risen on the deal, Opec will need to convince a sceptical oil market it can actually deliver.”
Medley Global Advisors的亞西爾.埃爾金迪(Yasser Elguindi)表示：“它們已拿出了對策。不過，關鍵在於細節，該協議的成敗取決於各方是否遵守減產。儘管協議達成已推高原油價格，但歐佩克需要讓持懷疑態度的石油市場確信，它可以真正落實這一協議。”
Saudi Arabia will shoulder the bulk of the production cuts, reducing output by almost 500,000 b/d to 10m b/d, while Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates agreed to curbs of 300,000 b/d of production.
沙特將承擔大部分減產，每日減產近50萬桶，至1000萬桶。而科威特、卡塔爾及阿聯酋則同意減少30萬桶的日產量。
Iran, meanwhile, agreed to freeze its production at almost 3.8m b/d, close to its current rate, according to third-party assessments used by Opec. Iran had resisted cuts, having only recently returned to international oil markets following the easing of sanctions.
與此同時，伊朗同意將產量凍結在接近每天380萬桶的水平，根據歐佩克委託進行的第三方評估，這接近該國目前的產量。由於伊朗最近纔在制裁減輕後重返國際石油市場，該國此前對減產十分抗拒。
Iraq, which has disputed its need to cut and looked like it could block a deal, agreed to a 210,000 b/d supply cut to 4.35m b/d. Conflict-hit Libya and Nigeria were granted exemptions.
而伊拉克曾就其是否需要減產表示異議，此前它看起來似乎會封殺減產協議。結果該國同意將石油日供應量減少21萬桶，至每天435萬桶。飽受衝突打擊的利比亞和尼日利亞則被准許免於減產。
