中印推動建立更緊密防務聯繫
China and India unveiled plans to resume joint military exercises, a gesture aimed at strengthening defense ties but that experts say will do little to resolve long-standing territorial disputes.
中國和印度宣佈了恢復聯合軍演的計劃，此舉旨在加強兩國的防務聯繫，但一些專家說，這對解決兩國長期存在的領土爭議幫助不大。In a statement Tuesday, India's Ministry of Defense said joint military exercises would resume 'at the earliest.' The announcement was made after Indian Defense Minister A.K. Antony met his Chinese counterpart, General Liang Guanglie, in New Delhi. This is the first time the two countries have agreed to hold joint military exercises since 2008.
印度國防部長在週二的一份聲明中說，聯合軍演將盡早恢復。在宣佈這一消息之前，印度國防部長安東尼(A.K. Antony)在新德里會見了中國國防部長樑光烈。這是自2008年以來兩國首次同意舉行聯合軍事演習。Mr. Antony earlier said resuming joint military exercises was a way of 'fostering mutual confidence and goodwill.' And that's all the announcement will likely to boil down to, some say. 'I really don't think there is great military value to this,' says Bharat Karnad, a security expert at New Delhi's Center for Policy Research. 'The fact of the matter is that most of the exercises we do with the Chinese are of a very, very basic kind, they don't reveal any secrets,' he adds.
安東尼早些時候說，恢復聯合軍事演習是兩國培育互信和友善的一種方式。有人說，兩國恢復軍演的意義歸根結底可能也僅限於此。新德里政策研究中心(Center for Policy Research)的安全專家卡納德(Bharat Karnad)說：我真的不認爲這會帶來很大的軍事價值。他補充說：事實上，我們與中國進行的大多數軍事演習都是非常非常基本的，不會泄露雙方的任何祕密。
While the announcement shows that both sides on the surface, at least want closer defense ties, bilateral relations remain frosty.
儘管這個舉動顯示出雙方至少在表面上都希望使防務聯繫更加緊密，但中印雙邊關係仍然十分冷淡。For one, India is irked by China's infrastructure development in Pakistan-controlled Kashmir. In a letter to Parliament Monday, Mr. Antony said the 'government has conveyed its concerns to China about their activities in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir and asked them to cease such activities.'
例如，印度對於中國在巴基斯坦控制的克什米爾地區開發基礎設施感到不滿。安東尼在週一致國會的信中說，政府已經向中方表達了對其在巴基斯坦控制的克什米爾地區活動的關切，要求其停止此類活動。These projects, which include road building, are ostensibly civilian, but India is worried they could be put to military use, facilitating the movement of troops to the border with India.
包括修路在內的這些項目表面上是民用項目，但是印度擔心這些項目會被用於軍事用途，有利於軍隊向印度邊境移動。China, for its part, says it does not have a military presence in the area. In a written interview published Tuesday in the Hindu, Gen. Liang said the Chinese army 'has never deployed a single soldier in the Pakistan-controlled Kashmir.'
中國方面稱，中國在該地區沒有軍事存在。樑光烈在週二發表在《印度教徒報》(the Hindu)的一份書面採訪中說，中國軍隊從沒有在巴基斯坦控制的克什米爾地區部署過一名士兵。He reiterated China’s position that it “firmly supports India and Pakistan to properly solve their disputes through dialogue and cooperation.”
樑光烈重申了中國的立場，即中國堅定支持印巴能夠通過對話和合作，妥善解決他們的糾紛。But China has a long history of involvement in the Kashmir dispute. India has challenged China’s control of tens of thousands of square kilometers of land bordering its state of Jammu and Kashmir since 1962, when the two countries fought a border war, which Beijing won.
但中國曾有過介入克什米爾爭端的歷史。印度一直對中國自1962年以來控制着同印度查謨-克什米爾邦(Jammu and Kashmir)接壤的數萬平方公里土地的做法提出質疑。中印兩國曾在1962年爆發邊境戰爭，最後中國獲勝。On top of this, India says China is illegally administering around 5,200 kilometers of land that Islamabad ceded to Beijing as part of a 1963 border agreement. New Delhi, which claims sovereignty over the whole of Kashmir, has refused to recognize that agreement.
除此之外，印度稱中國非法管理着長約5,200公里的土地。巴基斯坦在1963年中巴雙方簽署的邊境協定中將這部分土地確認爲中國領土。聲稱對整個克什米爾地區擁有主權的印度拒絕承認這份協議。Technically, the border agreement is not final, as it allows room for renegotiating the border “after the settlement of the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and India.” This is unlikely to happen any time soon.
從技術上講，中巴邊界協定並非終局裁定，因爲這份協議規定在印巴克什米爾爭端解決後，邊境問題存在重新談判的空間。不過短期內這種情況不可能發生。Other sensitive areas include the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, which China claims as its own, referring to it as south Tibet.
其它敏感地區包括印度阿魯納恰爾邦(Arunachal Pradesh)，中國稱該邦屬中國領土，認爲其屬於藏南地區。Over the past two decades, talks to settle disagreements over the 4,000-kilometer contested India-China border have made little progress. And this looks unlikely to change with the announcement both sides are committed to closer defense cooperation.
在過去20年中，中印雙方就邊境地區長約4,000公里爭議土地歸屬問題舉行的談判沒有取得什麼進展。雖然此次兩國宣佈致力於更緊密的防務合作，但上述情形看來不太可能改變。“I don’t think we’re anywhere near close to a solution” on these disputed areas, says Mr. Karnad of the Center for Policy Research, arguing that both sides appear happy to keep border differences on the backburner. This is partly because their priority is to deepen economic ties “without things flaring up on the border,” argues Mr. Karnad.
卡納德說，我不認爲雙方在領土爭議問題上接近達成解決方案。他認爲中印兩國看上去都樂於暫時擱置領土爭議。卡納德說，部分原因在於雙方的首要任務是在邊境地區不突然爆發爭端的前提下加強經貿聯繫。The ministry’s statement included a passing reference to the contested boundaries, saying Mr. Antony and Gen. Liang agreed to strengthen cooperation between border troops, “so as to enhance and maintain peace and tranquility in the India-China border areas.”
印度國防部的聲明也點到了邊界領土爭議問題。聲明說安東尼和樑光烈同意加強雙方邊境部隊之間的合作，以便加強和維持中印邊境地區的和平與安寧。Several mechanisms are already in place to prevent tensions in these areas from escalating into a military confrontation.
中印雙方已經建立了一些機制，以避免這些地區的緊張局勢升級爲軍事對抗。
