中英雙語話史記 第103期:遼國概況

Liao Dynasty

遼朝

General

概況

The Khitan were originally nomadic cattle breeders from the Siramuren Valley, a region where pastoral lifestyles were practiced.

契丹原來是希拉穆仁山區的一個遊牧養牛部落，在那裏它們過着自己的鄉村生活。

Chinese farmers who had established themselves in the region lived side by side with Turkish and Mongol tribes.

居住在這裏的中原農民和土耳其以及蒙古部落靠的很近。

Due to the proximity of the Chinese, the Khitan were quick to become sinicized.

因爲和中原人離得近，契丹人很快就漢化了。

During the year 924，the Khitan launched numerous attacks towards the West in order to join the Tangut Tuyuhun.

924年，契丹爲了使領土向西與黨項和吐谷渾連接發動了好幾場戰爭。

The following year they then destroyed the Kingdom of Bohai.

一年後他們滅掉了渤海國。

During the time of their attacks in the Peking area, Emperor Yelu Ruan officially gave their growing empire the name of Liao.

當他們在北京地區作戰時，皇帝耶律阮宣佈自己處於發展中的國家名爲“遼”。

Liao is the Chinese term for Siramuren Valley.

“遼”是希拉穆仁山的中文名。

In 946 the Khitan of the Liao Dynasty attacked as far as Kaifeng, where they stole maps， archives, water clocks, musical instruments, the Classics and kidnapped craftsmen and scholars.

946年，遼國的契丹人遠征至開封，在那裏它們盜取了地圖、檔杆、滴漏、樂器和典籍還綁架了工匠和學者。

They then decided to move further into the present day provinces of Hebei and Shanxi.

接着他們決定進一步攻入今天的河北省和山西省。

By 986, the Khitan of Liao had expanded into Manchuria and had made incursions into the Yellow River Valley.

986年，遼國擴張到了滿洲併入侵了黃河流域。

In 1004, the Song were forced to sign a peace treaty at Tanyuan，near the lower areas of the Yellow River.

1004年，宋朝被迫在黃河下游的檀園與遼簽訂和平條約。

By this time, the Liao Dynasty had covered much of Manchuria, Eastern Mongolia, Northern Shanxi, and Beijing.

從那時起，遼朝就佔據了滿洲、東蒙古、山西北部和北京的大部分地區。