不滿學校管理混亂 中國父母開始嘗試家庭教育大綱

Unhappy with the rigid teaching style of traditional schools and recent student abuse scandals, some tiger moms in China are keeping their kids at home.
由於對傳統學校僵化的教育方式和近期的虐待學生醜聞不滿，一些中國“虎媽”讓孩子留在家裏。

According to a recent survey of 18, 000 parents in mainland China who have expressed interest in homeschooling their children, some 2, 000 of them have already started to give lessons at home.
最近對中國大陸1.8萬名表示有興趣在家教育孩子的父母進行的調查顯示，其中約有2,000人已經開始在家給孩子上課。

Conducted by the 21st-Century Education Research Institute, a Beijing-based NGO, the survey data was collected via various online platforms, including the education channel of web portal and other forums dedicated to homeschooling.
該調查由北京非政府組織21世紀教育研究院(21st-Century Education Research Institute)進行，調查數據通過多種網絡平臺收集，包括門戶網站騰訊網()的教育頻道以及其他致力於在家教育孩子的論壇。

China's exam-oriented education system is notoriously stressful for students and families alike. According to the survey, among Chinese parents who choose to teach their kids at home, over half (54%) of them do so because they object to the teaching philosophy of traditional schools, which tends to be fairly rigid in nature. Others who choose to homeschool their kids think that in ordinary classrooms, the pace of lessons is too slow (10%) and that kids are not fully respected 7%). Another 7% said their kids were simply sick of traditional school life.
中國的應試教育制度以給學生及其家庭帶來極大壓力而出名。上述調查顯示，選擇在家教育孩子的中國父母當中，一半以上（54%）的人這樣做的原因是他們反對傳統學校往往性質死板的教學理念。其他選擇在家教育孩子的人認爲，普通課堂的授課進度太慢（10%）、孩子沒有充分得到尊重（7%）。另有7%的人說，他們的孩子就是討厭傳統學校生活。

Still another 6% of parents, including a number of Christians, said they chose homeschooling for religious reasons, according to the survey. Similarly, a 2007 survey by the U.S.-based National Center for Education Statistics showed that 36% of American parents homeschooling their children chose to do so out of a desire to provide religious and moral instruction.
調查顯示，還有6%的父母說他們選擇在家教育是出於宗教原因，其中包括一些基督教徒。與此類似，美國全國教育統計中心(National Center for Education Statistics) 2007年的一項調查顯示，在家教育孩子的美國父母當中，有36%是因爲想要爲孩子提供宗教和道德方面的指導。

Meanwhile, a mounting number of student abuse cases in China have lately been exposed , drawing outrage from the public and helping further spur the push for alternatives to traditional schools, people in the industry say. 'I think kids are hurt mentally and physically at traditional kindergartens in China, ' said Zhang Qiaofeng, citing the well-publicized cases of ear-pulling and other kinds of corporal punishment that recently caused controversy after being exposed in the Chinese press.
同時，教育行業人士說，中國最近曝光了越來越多的虐待學生案件，引起了公衆憤怒，並進一步促使人們尋求傳統學校之外的替代選擇。張橋豐（音）說，我覺得孩子們在中國傳統的幼兒園裏受到精神和身體上的傷害，他列舉了一些廣爲人知的揪耳朵和其他體罰的事件，近來這樣的事件被中國媒體曝光後引發了爭議。

'They are running kindergartens like prisons, locking kids inside, ' said Mr. Zhang, who since last June has been running his own small private school in Bejing's outskirts.
張橋豐說，他們把幼兒園辦成了監獄，將孩子們關在裏面。他從去年6月起在北京郊區經營自己的小型私立學校。Mr. Zhang said he was inspired to found his school, which caters to preschoolers, after seeing his young son coming back from kindergarten every day and seeming unhappy. According to Mr. Zhang, his son and other classmates would be literally locked indoors during recess hours, to spare teachers from having to monitor them while outdoors.
張橋豐說，他看到自己年幼的兒子每天從幼兒園回來都顯得很不開心，於是想到創建自己的學校。他的學校招收學齡前兒童。據張橋豐說，他兒子和其他同學在課間真的被鎖在室內，好讓教師無需在戶外照看他們。

'Parents seek out my services because they don't want their kids to get hurt on campus, ' said Mr. Zhang, who charges 60, 000 yuan($9, 800) for two semesters as a basic tuition fee, and an extra 20, 000 yuan($3, 300) for students who need lodging. 'They can afford to do so.'
張橋豐說，父母們尋求我提供的服務是因爲他們不希望自己的孩子在學校受到傷害。他收取的基本學費爲兩個學期人民幣6萬元（9,800美元），需要寄宿的學生再另收人民幣2萬元（3,300美元）。他說，他們出得起這個錢。

The survey said that 41% of homeschooling parents said they would continue to educate their kids at home after middle school. About a third said they planned to eventually send their kids abroad to study, while another third said they still planned to have their kids take China's fiercely competitive national college entrance exam, the gaokao, and have them attend university in mainland China.
調查顯示，在家教育孩子的父母中，有41%的人說孩子中學階段之後會繼續在家上學。約三分之一的人說計劃最終送孩子出國留學，另有三分之一的人說，他們還是打算讓孩子參加中國競爭極爲激烈的高考，進入中國大陸的大學學習。

Though the right of parents to homeschool their children isn't officially enshrined in law, homeschooling is no longer seen as a shocking phenomenon in China. Cases such as that of prominent Chinese writer Zheng Yuanjie, who took his son out of school to educate him at home a couple of years ago, have helped boost its appeal among the public and the media.
雖然父母在家教育孩子的權利並無正式法律規定，在家上學在中國已經不再被視爲令人震驚的現象。知名中國作家鄭淵潔多年前讓兒子退學，自己在家教育，這類事例幫助提升了在家上學對於公衆和媒體的吸引力。

The survey found that more than half of home-schooled kids are between four to ten years old, and about 62% of them are male. 'Boys are bolder in expressing their thoughts and challenging their teachers, ' said Yuan Fangyan, project director of the 21st-Century Education Research Institute. 'Teachers in China tend to marginalize these 'trouble-makers' in class, so they are at a disadvantage at school.'
調查發現，在家上學的孩子有一半以上年齡在4歲至10歲之間，其中約62%爲男孩。21世紀教育研究院的項目負責人袁芳豔說，男孩會更大膽地表達自己的想法、挑戰老師。中國教師往往會排斥班上的這些“搗蛋分子”，因此這些孩子在學校處於不利地位。

Compared to the U.S., where more than 2 million students were home-schooled in 2010, in the world's second-largest economy, homeschooling is still at an early stage.
美國2010年有逾200萬學生在家上學，相比之下，世界第二大經濟體的在家教育仍處於初級階段。

For the moment, most homeschooling families remain concentrated in Guangdong province, Zhejiang province and Beijing, where the local economy is more developed and families are typically more open-minded about education.
目前，大多數在家教育孩子的家庭集中在廣東省、浙江省和北京市，這些地方的經濟更爲發達，學生家長對於教育的態度通常更開明。

'Professional guidance [for those interested in homeschooling] is severely insufficient, ' said Ms. Yuan. 'More education resources, including textbooks and teaching methods, desperately need to be explored and developed.'
袁芳豔說，（針對那些有興趣在家教育孩子的父母的）專業指導嚴重不足。包括課本和教學方法在內的更多教育資源急需考察和開發。

Still, Ms. Yuan says that the growing popularity of homeschooling points to an encouraging trend. 'Parents have started to care more about fostering their kids' interest in reading and arts, and respect their freedom and thoughts, ' she said.
但袁芳豔說，在家上學越來越普遍的現實顯示出令人鼓舞的趨勢。她說，父母開始更關心培養孩子對閱讀和藝術的興趣，並尊重他們的自由和想法。

The survey also found that more than 100, 000 children in mainland China are not studying in traditional schools. Apart from homeschooling, such kids are often being educated in private schools, such as schools dedicated to the study of classic Chinese culture, church-run schools or other alternative institutions such as Waldorf schools, which operate according to the educational principles of Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner.
調查還發現，中國大陸有十幾萬名孩子沒有在傳統學校就讀。除在家上學外，這些孩子經常在私立學校接受教育，比如專門教授中國傳統國學的學校、教會學校或其他替代選擇，如華德福教育(Waldorf)旗下的學校，該機構依照奧地利哲學家魯道夫·史代納(Rudolf Steiner)的教育理念辦學。

In addition to such findings, the survey showed that over 48% of parents said they were very optimistic about the development of homeschooling in China in particular.
除了上述結果之外，調查還顯示，超過48%的家長說他們對於中國在家上學的未來走向非常樂觀。

For his part, Mr. Zhang said that since opening his preschool, his son has become much more athletic and outgoing. 'I will teach him to take the SAT and apply to university in America in the future, ' he said.
張橋豐說，自從他開辦自己的幼兒園以來，他的兒子變得更健壯、更活潑。他說，我會教他參加學術能力評估測試(SAT)，將來申請美國的大學。