人類可通過聲音來判斷所有陸生動物的情緒

Humans can recognize emotions across all vocalizing land animals, researchers have found.

研究人員近日發現，人類可以識別所有可發聲陸地動物的情感。

The research supports naturalist Charles Darwin's views from over a century ago, when he observed that humans and other animals express their emotions in similar ways.

這項研究支持了一個多世紀以前博物學家達爾文的觀點，當時他觀察到人類和其他動物用相似的方式來表達自己的情感。

Previous research on the topic of animal vocalizations has suggested that animals understand human emotional sounds.

之前對於動物發聲課題的研究已經表明，動物能理解人類情感的聲音。

For example, pet owners are usually attuned to this and their pets recognize their emotional outbursts.

舉例來說，寵物的主人通常會適應這種情況，而他們的寵物往往能夠感受到主人的情緒爆發。

Previous studies have also suggested that acoustic attributes of emotional (aroused) vocalizations are shared across many mammal species, and that humans can use these attributes to determine an animal's emotional state.

之前的研究還表明，哺乳動物的情緒性叫聲有許多共性，人類能夠通過這些特性去判斷動物的情緒狀態。

But researchers weren't sure if this also extended to land animals that aren't mammals.

但是研究人員不確定這一現象是否也適用於非哺乳類的陸地動物。

To find out, an international team of researchers gathered the voice recordings of a diverse group of nine different species: The black-capped chickadee, hourglass treefrog, American alligator, common raven, giant panda, barbary macaque and the African bush elephant.

爲弄清事實到底如何，一個國際研究小組收集了不同羣體共9種不同動物的聲音：包括黑頂山雀、沙漏樹蛙、美洲短吻鱷、烏鴉、大熊貓、巴巴利獼猴和非洲叢林象。

Then, research participants were asked to listen to the recordings and try to identify the emotional state of the animal who made it.

隨後，研究參與者被要求聽這些錄音，然後辨別出發出這些聲音動物的情感狀態。

To rule out the possibility that certain sounds may be more recognizable by people who speak certain language, the researchers recruited volunteers who spoke German, English or Mandarin.

爲了排除某些聲音可以被說某種語言的人識別的這一可能性，研究人員們分別招募了說德語、英語和漢語普通話的志願者。

The researchers also carried out an acoustic analysis of the sounds on the recordings, comparing the sounds with people's reactions to them and found that humans use many acoustic clues to understand emotional noises made by other animals.

研究人員還對錄音中的聲音進行了聲學分析，通過對比人類對這些聲音的反應發現，人類可以使用許多聲學線索來理解其他動物發出的富含情感的聲音。